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A級(jí)考前技巧輔導(dǎo)-閱讀(1)
今天我們就來(lái)看看閱讀的技巧,重點(diǎn)就語(yǔ)法題給大家講解一下.
試題介紹
本部分測(cè)試考生從書(shū)面文字材料獲取信息的能力，短文題材包括社會(huì)、文化、常識(shí)、科普、經(jīng)貿(mào)、人物和實(shí)用性文字，其中實(shí)用性文字大約占60-70%。?
主要測(cè)試考生以下閱讀技能：?
1.了解語(yǔ)篇和段落的主旨和大意；?
2.掌握語(yǔ)篇中的事實(shí)和主要情節(jié)；?
3.理解語(yǔ)篇上下文的邏輯關(guān)系；?
4.對(duì)句子和段落進(jìn)行推理；?
5.了解作者的目的、態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)；?
6.根據(jù)上下文正確理解生詞的意思；?
7.了解語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)論；?
8.進(jìn)行信息轉(zhuǎn)換。?
測(cè)試題主要類(lèi)型：?
1.主旨題?
2.細(xì)節(jié)推理題(包括對(duì)作者態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)的推理)?
3.是非判斷題?
4.詞匯釋義題(熟詞辨義，超綱詞匯含義的推斷)??
解題技巧指導(dǎo)
有效的閱讀過(guò)程：瀏覽全文，掌握文章主題→根據(jù)段首句，抓住中心思想→細(xì)讀原文，確定主題句和支持主題部分→根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志，識(shí)別段落之間關(guān)系→找到文章結(jié)論。?
Basic Knowledge about text?
Ways of developing paragraphs:(段落結(jié)構(gòu))?
1.development by time?
2.development by space?
3.development by process?
4.development by example and generalization?
5.development by comparison and contrast?
6.development by cause and effect?
Types of cohesion:(語(yǔ)篇銜接方式)?
了解一篇文章的組成方式和銜接方式是讀懂一篇文章的前提，對(duì)透徹理解一篇文章是大有裨益的，語(yǔ)篇銜接方式大致有以下四種：?
1.指稱(chēng)銜接?
人稱(chēng)指稱(chēng)：第三人稱(chēng)代詞?
指示指稱(chēng)：指示代詞?
比較指稱(chēng)?
2.省略與替代?
3.連接：主要通過(guò)連接詞來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，分為四種類(lèi)型：增補(bǔ)型、轉(zhuǎn)折型、原因型、時(shí)間型。?
4.詞匯銜接：是構(gòu)成銜接的最高級(jí)形式，含重述和搭配兩種。?
注：閱讀忌諱——試圖弄懂文章中的每一個(gè)詞。對(duì)付生詞的有效方法是合理化原則順勢(shì)閱讀。若生詞不影響對(duì)詞義的理解就順勢(shì)讀下去，如有影響，則根據(jù)語(yǔ)境推測(cè)其意。??
主旨題?
（一）主旨題的常見(jiàn)出題形式?
The main point of the passage is ...?
The passage mainly deals with ...?
What does the passage mainly discuss??
Which of the following best states the theme of the passage??
The author apparently asserts that ...?
A suitable title for the passage would be ...?
（二）解主旨題的關(guān)鍵?
1.確定中心思想?
2.主題句在文中的位置?
3.主旨題干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)?
一般有以下三種情況：?
1.局部信息，或是一句未展開(kāi)論述的話(huà)，或是某一段的主要內(nèi)容。?
2.概括內(nèi)容太大，此項(xiàng)把文章的內(nèi)容過(guò)于一般化，所包括的內(nèi)容多于文章闡述的內(nèi)容，過(guò)于籠統(tǒng)。?
3.無(wú)關(guān)信息，在文章中找不到語(yǔ)言根據(jù)的信息。?
例題：?
The snow was falling very heavily. The sky was very cloudy. The wind was blowing very hard—about 45 miles per hour. It was 18 degrees outside. It was hard to see objects only a few feet in front of you.?Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea of the paragraph?
?
A) It’s cold outside. B) It’s winter time.?
C) The weather is changeable. D) The weather is stormy.?
本段共三句，沒(méi)有一句可概括段落的主題思想，所陳述的都是細(xì)節(jié)。但每一句都從不同方面講述同一點(diǎn)。即天氣惡劣，因此，總結(jié)全文，才能歸納出本段的主題：The weather is stormy. 分析其選項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)太片面，B項(xiàng)太籠統(tǒng)，C項(xiàng)不準(zhǔn)確，文中無(wú)change的跡象。故D項(xiàng)為答案。?
例題：?
People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven’t eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of clam chowder, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what are called fast foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries, and a soft-drink.?
Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea of the paragraph??
A) Some people like steak and others like red meat.?
B) Vegetables are very healthy to you.?
C) Food preparation has a lot to do with people’s tastes.?
D) Different people have different tastes in food.?
在這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，A是文中提到的一項(xiàng)具體內(nèi)容，作為主題思想面太窄了。B項(xiàng)則太泛。C項(xiàng)文中未提及。只有D項(xiàng)概括了全文的主題，具有結(jié)論性。本段的主題是：人們對(duì)食物的喜好是不盡相同的，這正是出現(xiàn)于段首的主題句。?
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