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英文語法雜談(1)：虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣的相關(guān)語法(Subjunctive Mood)
如果你看到下列的句子，你會認(rèn)為它們是正確的還是錯的呢？
1. I wish I were a bird.
2. We request that you be here tomorrow.
也許你會說：“哈哈，第一句的I were 錯了，應(yīng)該是I was；而第二句中的you be是什么東東呀？不是you are, 也不是you will be, 什么you be？！”
其實上面的句子都是一種稱為 Subjunctive 類型的句子。Subjunctive Mood 有的書譯為“假設(shè)語氣”，雖不很貼切；但在相當(dāng)大的程度上，告訴我們這種句子的特點，Subjunctive Mood中文譯作“虛擬語氣”，似乎不及“假設(shè)語氣”那么容易明白。它是一種動詞形式，表示說話人的某種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑、猜測、建議等含義。
基本上，虛擬語氣可分為虛擬現(xiàn)在(Subjunctive Present)和虛擬過去(Subjunctive Past)兩種；但它們和時態(tài)(Tenses)上所指的現(xiàn)在時態(tài)(Present Tense)和過去時態(tài)(Past Tense)是有所不同的。
一、虛擬現(xiàn)在(Subjunctive Present)
虛擬現(xiàn)在的句子，在任何時候都要用動詞的原形(root form)，就算是第三人稱(he, she, it)也是如此。如：
1.1 現(xiàn)在時態(tài)(Simple Present)
I work ---- I work
you work ---- you work
he works ---- he work (注意到了嗎，是work，不是works)
she works ---- she work (不是she works 喔）
it works ---- it work (同樣不是it works 喔)
we work ---- we work
they work ---- they work
1.2 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)(Present Continuous)
I am working ---- I be working (注意用的是be，怪怪的!)
you are working ---- you be working
he is working ---- he be working
she is working ---- she be working
it is working ---- it be working
we are working ---- we be working
they are woring ---- they be working
1.3 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)(Present Perfect)
I have worked ---- I have worked
you have worked ---- you have worked
he has worked ----- he have worked (用的還是have喔)
she has worked ---- she have worked
it has worked ---- it have worked
we have worked ---- we have worked
they have worked ---- they have worked
1.4 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)(Present Perfect Continuous)
I have been working ---- I have been working
you have been working ---- you have been working
he has been working ---- he have been working (是he have, 不是he has )
she has been workin
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