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初中英語基礎(chǔ)語法6-介詞
介詞七、介詞
。ㄒ唬┍硎緯r(shí)間的介詞
(1)at
、俳泳唧w時(shí)間:eg.at six,at half past two,at ten to twelve
②表示“在…時(shí)刻”;eg: at noon,at midnight
(2)in
、俦硎尽霸冢扯螘r(shí)間段)之間”;
eg.in January,in a month,in spring,in 2005
、谠趯頃r(shí)中,表示“在某段時(shí)間之后”
eg.In ten years,I think I’ll be a reporter.
(3)on
表示在具體的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上等。
eg. On Monday,On Tuesday afternoon,On May4th,On the morning of July 6th
。ǘ┕潭ù钆涞慕樵~
。1)動(dòng)詞+介詞:look after,look at,look for,laugh at,listen to,hear from,turn On,turn off, wait for,worry about,think of,spend……On
(2)介詞十名詞:by train,on foot,at the end of ,at last,in the end,in trouble,at table,at breakfast,
in hospital,in time,On time, On one’s way to,with pleasure
。3)be+形容詞+介詞:be afraid of ,be good at,be good/bad for, be late for,be interested in,be angry, with,be full of,be sorry for
連詞
八、連詞(conj.用來連接詞與詞或句與句
。1)并列連詞(用來連接平行的詞、詞組或分句)
①表并列關(guān)系:not only……but also,neither……nor,and
、诒磉x擇關(guān)系:or,either……or
③表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:but,while
、鼙硪蚬P(guān)系:for,so
(2)從屬連詞(用來引導(dǎo)從句)
、僖龑(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句: after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,as soon as
②引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句:because,as,since
、垡龑(dǎo)目的狀語從句:so that,in order that
、芤龑(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句:so that,so…that,such……that
、菀龑(dǎo)比較狀語從句:than,as…as
、抟龑(dǎo)賓語從句:that,if, whether
動(dòng)詞
九、動(dòng)詞(verb.)動(dòng)詞表示主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
。ㄒ唬﹦(dòng)詞的種類。
。1)及物動(dòng)詞vt,其后接賓語。
eg.She wears a uniform.
(2)不及物動(dòng)詞vi,不接賓語。
eg :She can dance.
。3)連系動(dòng)詞like-v.接表語。
eg.They are nurses.
That sounds interesting.
His mother looks young.
If you keep milk for too long, it goes bad.
。4)助動(dòng)詞aux——V.接動(dòng)詞原形或分詞(它無實(shí)在意思,只起語法作用)。
eg, DO you like pandas?
He has gone to Australia.
She is looking at the cat.
。5)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞mod-v.接動(dòng)詞原形(它不能單獨(dú)作謂語,有自己的意思,無人稱和數(shù)的變化)。
Eg. He must go now.
You should clean the classroom after class.
。6)有些動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞,也可作助動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞,be也可作助動(dòng)詞。
eg.I do my homework after class.(Vt.)
Do as you like.(Vi.)
She is a little bit quiet.(mod-v.)
She is swimming now.(aux-v.)
。ǘ┣閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法
[1]can,could,may的用法
l .can/could
。1)表示具有某種能力,意為“能、能夠、會(huì)”(could表過去)。
eg.I can sing English songs.
Lisa can’t speak Japanese.
She could swim when she was four years old.
。2)表示許:可、允許,意為“可以”。
eg.Can we watch TV now?
You can’t play computer games in the morning.
。3)表示請求某人做某事,意為“能,能夠”(用could使晤氣更委婉)。
eg.Can/Could you help me,please?
。4)表示推測“可能”,多用于否定句和疑問句中。(表肯定推測可用must,might,could等)
cg.it can’t be true.這不可能是真的。
Where can he have gone?他可能會(huì)去哪兒呢?
2.may/might
。1)表示許可、允許,意為“可以”,比can更正式。
eg. May l use your pen?我可以用你的鋼筆嗎?
May l ask you a question?我可以問你—個(gè)問題嗎?
。2)表示推測“可能”,用于肯定句和否定句,不能用于疑問句。
eg.He may be at home now.他可能現(xiàn)在在家。
She may not be there today.今天她可能不在那兒。
[2]can與be able to的區(qū)別
1.兩者都可以用來表示能力。
eg.I can/am able to mend the bike.
2.can只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)(Can)和過去時(shí)(could),而be able to可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)。
eg. I will be able to come back in another few months.
He hasn’t been able to get there before dark.
3.can可以表示推測,但be able to不能。
eg.That Can’t be Gina’s dictionary.
4.can與be able to;不能重復(fù)使用
eg.他能做好這件事。
He can be able to do is well.(X)
He can do it well.(√)
He is able to do it well.(√)
。ㄈ﹎ust與have to的區(qū)別
1.主客觀方面不同。
must表“義務(wù)”或“強(qiáng)制”,表示主觀的必要;在肯定句中must還可表推測,語氣要比may肯定多。have to表“必須”或“不得不”,表示客觀的必要。
eg.We must clean the room.(表示我們認(rèn)為房間太臟了。)
We have to clean the room.(表示沒有人替我們打掃房間等客觀原因。)
He must beat home before supper.(他晚飯前一定在家。)
2.人稱和時(shí)態(tài)不同。
must無人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,一律用must十動(dòng)詞原形。have to后接動(dòng)詞原形,有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱單數(shù)要用has to,過去時(shí)中要用had to,將來時(shí)中要用will have to.另外,have to還可與,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞連用。
eg: Tom must practice his guitar every day.
The train has left.We’ll have to wait for the next train.
3.否定式及意義不同。
must not=mustn’t“決不可/千萬不可/務(wù)必不要”; don’t/doesn't/didn’t/won’t+have to“不必”
eg.We mustn’t tell jokes on him.我們千萬不可與他開玩笑。
We don’t have to tell jokes on him.我們不必和他開玩笑。
在對May I…? 作否定回答時(shí)用No, you mustn’t/can’t.
eg. May l go to the movies? NO,You mustn’t
4.疑問式及回答不同。
Must+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+…? Yes,主語+ must./NO,主語+needn’t.
助動(dòng)詞+主語+have to+動(dòng)詞原形+…?
Yes,主語+助動(dòng)詞。/No,主語+助動(dòng)詞+not.
eg.Must l go now? Yes,you must./NO,you needn’t
Does she have to go to the doctor? Yes,she does./NO,she doesn’t.
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