初中英語語法賓語從句的應(yīng)用的解析
賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，它在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語即作賓語的是一個(gè)句子。賓語從句主要注意三大要素：
一、引導(dǎo)詞
1.that（從句是陳述句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用that，它本身無詞義，不充當(dāng)成分，在口語中可省略，但在正式場(chǎng)合不可�。�。
2.if或whether（從句是一般疑問句時(shí)用if或whether，含義是“是否”。）if whether一般情況下可以互換，但在構(gòu)成whether……or not句式時(shí)只能用whether。
3.連接代詞，連接代詞（what、which、who、whose）連接副詞（從句是特殊疑問句時(shí)用），連接副詞（when、where、how、why）
二、賓語從句的語序
賓語從句的語序都用陳述句語序（即正常的主謂語序）。例如：
He says that Tom will miss a lot of lessons
She asked whether we should hold a sports meeting
Do you know what the popalation of Dalianis?
三、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)
1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可根據(jù)需要選用任何時(shí)態(tài)。例如：
She says that she is good at Chinese.
He Says that he has been ill for three days.
I don’t know if she will come tomorrow.
2.主句是一般過程時(shí)，從句可根據(jù)需要用相應(yīng)的過去某種時(shí)態(tài)。（即一般過去時(shí) 中考，過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)等）。例如：
She asked me where I lived.
He said that she had been ill for six days.
He said that he would return soon.
3.當(dāng)從句講述的是客觀事實(shí)或真理時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的影響，都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：
The teacher said “Light travels faster than sound”
She said that the earth is round
特例：Could you tell me ……委婉的語氣，常按照一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)處理。
Could you tell me where the nearest park is？
真題回放：
例1 （2008·北京）—Do you know for shanghai last night？
——At 9：00
A、what time he leavesB、what time does he leave
C、what time he leftD、What time did he leave
解析：考查賓語從句的`用法。對(duì)于賓語從句要注意三要素：語序（陳述語序）、時(shí)態(tài)（主句是過去式，從句要用相應(yīng)的過去式；主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)需要確定時(shí)態(tài)）、引導(dǎo)詞(that, whether/if，特殊疑問詞)。B和D語序不正確；由last night可知A項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。故選C。
例2 （2008 重慶）please tell me I have some good mews for him
A、where Robert livesB、where does Robert live
C、where Robert livedD、where did Robert live
解析：考查賓語從句。賓語從句中要用陳述語序，可排除B、D。由I have some good news for him.” 可知要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，可排除C。故選A。
例3 （2008 河北） You are growing so fast, can you tell me now？
A、how fast are youB、how fast you are
C、how tall are youD、how tall you are
解析：本題考查賓語從句的用法。賓語從句要用陳述語序。根據(jù)題意是問Annie多高了，故選D。
例4 （2008，天津）The boys asked
A、When could the goB、what they would do next
C、where they will goD、how did they get there
解析考查賓語從句。對(duì)于賓語從句要注意三點(diǎn)：語序/陳述語序）、時(shí)態(tài)（主句是過去時(shí)，從句要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)），引導(dǎo)詞（that、whether/if，特殊疑問句）。A、D語序不對(duì)，C時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)，故選B
例5（2008，南京）——why did miss wang look so worried when we saw her？
——Because she wondered
A、where did the other students go
B、when would the policeman come
C、what her students have done during the trip
D、if her students had survied the earth—quake
解析：考查賓語從句。賓語從句的考查點(diǎn)有兩個(gè)：1)從句部分用陳述語序；2）主句是過去時(shí)，從句用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)第一點(diǎn)，我們排除了本題的A、B項(xiàng)。再根據(jù)第二點(diǎn)我們又排除了C項(xiàng)，故選D。
例6（2008，武漢）—Do you know ?
—sorry，I don’t know.
A、Where does limmy workB、where jim my works
C、how does limmy go to workD、what does jinmy do.
解析：考查賓語從句，對(duì)于賓語從句要注意三點(diǎn)：語序（陳述語序），時(shí)態(tài)（主句是過去式，從句要用相應(yīng)的過去式，從句要用相應(yīng)的過去式），引導(dǎo)詞（that，whether/if，特殊疑問詞），A、C、D三項(xiàng)都不是陳述語序，故選B。
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