聽(tīng)力試題命題規(guī)律和解題技巧
1．對(duì)話
聽(tīng)力部分一般是20個(gè)小題，由A和B兩部分組成。第一部分通常是10個(gè)對(duì)話，每個(gè)對(duì)話設(shè)一個(gè)小題，要求同學(xué)們根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇正確答案。
2．短文
B部分有兩種形式，一是聽(tīng)短文。一般是三篇120-140字之間的短文，每篇短文后有三到四個(gè)問(wèn)題，共10道小題。該部分主要測(cè)試同學(xué)們的整體理解能力。
3．復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)
B部分的另一種是復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)。復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)由兩部分組成。一是單詞聽(tīng)寫(xiě)，要求同學(xué)們毫無(wú)差錯(cuò)地填出短文所缺單詞。另一種是補(bǔ)全信息。一般是，每段的第一句主題句已經(jīng)給出，要求填出具體細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容說(shuō)明主題，可以使用聽(tīng)到的原話，也可以使用自己的語(yǔ)言。
二、英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力的命題規(guī)律和測(cè)試重點(diǎn)
1．對(duì)話
對(duì)話部分考查的重點(diǎn)有：
1）地點(diǎn)
根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容判斷對(duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)或?qū)υ捴兴崾录l(fā)生的地點(diǎn)是四六級(jí)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試中常見(jiàn)的也是比較重要的一個(gè)題型。地點(diǎn)題一般有以下幾種：
(1)根據(jù)信息詞設(shè)題①W: Dear, I feel hungry now. How about you? M: So do I.Let me call room service.Hello,room service.Please send a menu to 320 right away. Q: Where are the two speakers? A. In a hotel. B. At a dinner table. C. In the street. D. At the mans house.
該題通過(guò)hungry和menu來(lái)迷惑同學(xué)們，引導(dǎo)大家選擇B，其實(shí)，本題所借助的信息詞是room service和320這個(gè)房間號(hào)，答案是A。
②M: Can you stay for dinner? W: Id love to. But I have to go and send some registered mail before picking up the children from school. Q: Where will the woman go first? A. To the school B. To a friends house. C. To the post office. D. Home
本題借助registered mail設(shè)題，答案是C。但這里同樣也有地點(diǎn)的辨析問(wèn)題，要求同學(xué)們能聽(tīng)出是"首先到……地方"。
�、跰: Excuse me,Im looking for the emergency room.I thought that it was on the first floor. W: It is. This is the basement.Take the elevator one flight up and turn left. Q: Where did the conversation most probably take place? A. In a library B. In a hotel. C. In a hospital. D. In an elevator
本題設(shè)題所依據(jù)的信息詞是emergency room，只要考生了解其語(yǔ)域就可判斷答案為C。
(2)借助對(duì)話中提到的多個(gè)地點(diǎn)設(shè)題
有時(shí)對(duì)話中提到的地點(diǎn)不只一個(gè)，這時(shí)，一般是將所有的地點(diǎn)都包括在選項(xiàng)之中。這種情況下，同學(xué)們不必考慮信息詞問(wèn)題，只要能將地點(diǎn)與其相關(guān)事件聯(lián)系起來(lái)就可確定答案。如：
①M(fèi): I did not see our boss yesterday. Has he come back? W: He was just back from France besides visiting Britain，Germany，and Spain. Q: Which country did the woman visit first? A. France B. Britain C. Germany D. Spain
四個(gè)地點(diǎn)都是訪問(wèn)過(guò)的地點(diǎn)，要求同學(xué)們能夠分清先后。答案為B。
�、贛: Will Mr. Smith come to the party at the weekend? W: Hell be supposed to，，but he wont be back from his trip until the next week. Q: Where will Mr. Smith be on Saturday? A. At the party B. At home C. Still on his trip D. Back from his trip.
本題是將地點(diǎn)與時(shí)間連在一起，要求同學(xué)們?cè)诼?tīng)的同時(shí)注意區(qū)別每個(gè)事件所發(fā)生的時(shí)間，答案為C。
2）職業(yè)、身份
根據(jù)說(shuō)話內(nèi)容判斷說(shuō)話者的身份和職業(yè)是四六級(jí)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試中又一常見(jiàn)題型。該題型的題項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)有兩種：
(1)說(shuō)話者自身的身份或職業(yè)
根據(jù)談話內(nèi)容判斷說(shuō)話者一方的職業(yè)或身份：
�、賅: Good evening,Professor David.My name is Susan Gray.Im with the local newspaper.Do you mind if I ask you a few questions? M: Not at all. Go ahead, please. Q: What is Susan Gray. A. A writer. B. A teacher. C. A reporter. D. A student.
由local newspaper可以判斷說(shuō)話者是位記者，在采訪。
②M: How about the food I ordered? Ive been waiting for 20 minutes already. W: Im very sorry, sir. Ill be back with your order in a minute. Q: Who is the man most probably speaking to? A. A shop assistant. B. A telephone operator C. A waitress. D. A clerk.
與order有關(guān)的自然是waitress，答案為A。
(2)說(shuō)話雙方之間的關(guān)系
該題型是上一題型的延伸，要求同學(xué)們能判斷說(shuō)話者雙方的身份，問(wèn)題經(jīng)常是Whats the relationship between the two speakers? ①W: How long will it take you to fix my watch? M: Ill call you when its ready. But it shouldnt take longer than a week. Q: What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Librarian and student. B. Operator and caller. C. Boss and secretary. D. Customer and repairman.
既然女士讓男的fix my watch，說(shuō)明對(duì)方是repairman，而自己是customer。
�、贛: Sorry to trouble you.But is there any possibility of borrowing a blanket? I feel cold. W: I think weve got one. Could you wait until after take-off please? Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A. A guest and a receptionist. B. A passenger and an air hostess. C. A customer and a shop assistant. D. A guest and a waitress.
take-off一詞的使用說(shuō)明女的是空姐，答案自然是B。
可以看出，職業(yè)、身份以及說(shuō)話雙方關(guān)系的選擇所依據(jù)的同樣是信息詞。當(dāng)然，要判斷雙方的關(guān)系，還可以從說(shuō)話的方式入手。如：
M: Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr. Brown. W: Certainly sir. As soon as I make the final corrections on the original. Q: Whats the relationship between the two speakers? A. Boss and secretary. B. Lawyer and client. C Teacher and student. D. Nurse and patient.
兩人間說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)氣和方式表明是"老板與秘書(shū)"的關(guān)系。
3）計(jì)算題
計(jì)算題在四六級(jí)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力中屬于比較難的題型，要求同學(xué)們不僅能分辨不同的時(shí)間、金錢等數(shù)量概念，還應(yīng)能將聽(tīng)到的各個(gè)數(shù)量聯(lián)系起來(lái)進(jìn)行加減運(yùn)算。如：
①M(fèi): Your son seems to have made much progress in playing the piano. Does he attend any piano classes? W: Yes,he takes lessons twice a week,but from next week on,he will go to the class on Saturday evenings, too. Q: How often will the womans son have piano lessons from next week on? A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week. D. Four times a week.
兩次加一次自然是三次，答案是C。
�、赪: Professor Clark said that the mid-term exam would cover the first 15 lessons. M: Really?I thought it only included the first 12 lessons.Then I must spend the weekend to go over the rest of the lessons. Q: How many lessons must the man review over the weekend? A. Five lessons. B. Three lessons. C. Twelve lessons D. Fifteen lessons.
這是最簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算題，只要同學(xué)們不將答案誤認(rèn)為是C或D，就不會(huì)出錯(cuò)。
�、踂:Heres a 10-dollar bill.Give me two tickets for tonights show please. M: Sure. Two tickets and here is $1,40 change. Q: How much does one ticket cost? A. $1.40. B. $4.30. C. $6.40. D. $8.60
10美元，兩張票，找零1.40美元，說(shuō)明每張票為4.30美元。
從以上例子可以看出，含有數(shù)量概念的題，對(duì)話中提到的數(shù)量一般不可能為正確答案，總要同學(xué)們進(jìn)行一些簡(jiǎn)單的加減運(yùn)算。
4）言外之意、弦外之音
推測(cè)說(shuō)話者話中之話是聽(tīng)力中必考的題型。從試題的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)來(lái)看，大體有一下幾種：
(1)對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考查
包含虛擬語(yǔ)氣的聽(tīng)力考題中一般都有"是不非"相對(duì)的選項(xiàng)，這就要求同學(xué)們了解虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表意功能，根據(jù)虛擬語(yǔ)氣判斷正確選項(xiàng)。如：
�、賅:Im thinking of going to Austin for a visit.Do you think its worth seeing? M: Well, I wish I had been there. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? A. The man is planning a trip to Austin. B. The man has not been to Austin before. C. The man doesnt like Austin. D. The man has been to Austin before. I wish I had been there.說(shuō)明說(shuō)話人沒(méi)有去過(guò)。
②W:If it hadnt been snowing so hard,I might have been home by 9 oclock. M:Its too bad you didnt make it.Jane was here and she wanted to see you. Q: What happened to the woman? A. She got home before 9 oclock. B. She had a bad cold. C. She had a car accident. D. She was delayed.
If it hadnt been snowing so hard, I might have been home by 9 oclock.說(shuō)明因?yàn)檠┨�，說(shuō)話者未能在9點(diǎn)前到家。也就是說(shuō)she was delayed。
(2)對(duì)建議的考查
建議題要求同學(xué)們掌握建議的各種表達(dá)方式，根據(jù)建議選擇正確選項(xiàng)。如：
�、賅:The movie starts in 5 minutes and theres boun