殘疾人奧運會的歷史和發(fā)展情況

In 1948, Sir Ludwig Guttmann organized a sports competition involving World War II veterans with a spinal cord injury in Stoke Mandeville, England. Four years later, competitors from the Netherlands joined the games and an international movement was born. Olympic style games for athletes with a disability were organized for the first time in Rome in 1960, now called Paralympics. In Toronto in 1976, other disability groups were added and the idea of merging together different disability groups for international sport competitions was born. In the same year, the first Paralympic Winter Games took place in Sweden.

Today, the Paralympics are elite sport events for athletes from six different disability groups. They emphasize, however, the participants' athletic achievements rather than their disability. The movement has grown dramatically since its first days. The number of athletes participating in Summer Paralympic Games has increased from 400 athletes from 23 countries in Rome in 1960 to 3806 athletes from 136 countries in Athens in 2004.

The Paralympic Games have always been held in the same year as the Olympic Games. Since the Seoul 1988 Paralympic Games and the Albertville 1992 Winter Paralympic Games they have also taken place at the same venues as the Olympics. On 19 June 2001, an agreement was signed between IOC and IPC securing this practice for the future. From the 2012 bid process onwards, the host city chosen to host the Olympic Games will be obliged to also host the Paralympics.

大意：

　　殘疾人體育運動可追溯到第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,歐洲戰(zhàn)場上致殘的士兵自發(fā)組織起來進行的康復活動,這便是現(xiàn)代殘疾人體育運動發(fā)展的雛形。1948年英國斯托克·曼德維爾國立脊髓損傷中心舉辦了殘疾人體育比賽,當時只有16名坐在輪椅上的傷殘士兵參加,該運動會每年舉行一次,規(guī)模逐漸擴大到其它國家，1952年起變成國際性體育活動。

　　1960年，意大利首次舉辦世界殘疾人運動會，來自歐美23個國家的400多名運動員聚集羅馬同場競技。1976年，國際殘疾人組織決定，斯托克·曼德維爾運動會與世界殘疾人運動會合并，在加拿大的多倫多舉辦了第一屆國際傷殘人奧運會，來自40個國家的1000多名殘疾人運動員參加。

　　1983年5月，國際奧委會決定從1984年夏季奧運會起,首次設立殘疾人比賽項目；1988年起,冬季和夏季奧運會的殘疾人比賽項目被列為永久性項目；申辦奧運會的城市,必須同時申辦殘奧會；奧運會后一個月內(nèi)，在奧運

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