托福作文說明文的寫法

說明文用來解釋或說明理論，方法，過程或某種抽象的情況。這里所說的說明文主要是"托福"中根據(jù)具體圖表所寫的文章。文章只傳達圖表中的信息，不涉及觀點問題，不需要以理服人。

　　按圖表寫作文，首先要讀懂圖表，理解其包含的信息。為此目的，應(yīng)注意三點：第一是讀懂標題，明白圖表的目的；第二是研究圖表主題，理解各項內(nèi)容及其之間的聯(lián)系；第三是注意圖表的說明或圖例，以免誤解。總之，對圖表的研究要仔細,理解和判斷要準確，不能草率做出決定，以免在文章內(nèi)容方面丟分。

　　讀懂圖表之后，立即思考文章應(yīng)表達的內(nèi)容。這里,我們應(yīng)該明白兩個制約因素：其一是作文寫作時間只有二十多分鐘，不可能長篇大論；其二是圖表內(nèi)容繁多，不可能一一說明，也不能寫成枯燥無味的流水賬。考慮取舍時,應(yīng)注意總的趨勢，概貌，相互關(guān)系，典型的例子或數(shù)據(jù)，抓住這些之后，其他的內(nèi)容實際上也包含在其中，不必再提及。

　　文章的寫法沒有固定的模式，但因題材的限制，變化太大也不可能。第一段必須說明圖表的性質(zhì)與目的，沒有這一點，文章的主題難以突出。自然段的劃分以清楚明了為原則，例如第一段談圖表的目的，其余自然段應(yīng)當以所談要點劃分，最后一段可談自己的理解和看法(也可不談)。寫作時的關(guān)鍵是每個要點談完后,應(yīng)給出例證，把該說地說完,然后再進入下一要點，不能不顧文章條理,把想到的內(nèi)容隨便亂放。

　　再語言方式上，要注意句式的變化，盡量避免反復(fù)使用某一句型。再并列情況較多時，設(shè)法采用連結(jié)詞或關(guān)系詞將領(lǐng)歲的內(nèi)容串在一起，為文章的主題服務(wù)。全文的思路可以用主題句，自然段,邏輯詞等手法表明，使讀者感到作者的思路清晰，感到全文是個有機的整體。遇到眾多雷同的詞匯短語時，能變化的盡量變化，無力變化時可用句式變化彌補。TOEFL范文

　　If your friend fails to return your money in time, how could you do to get it back and to ask him to return your money in person or by writing a letter? Use specific example.

　　Undoubtedly, everyone has one or more friends in his or her daily life. Someone often comes across the fact that one of his friends borrows some money from him but doesn't return it in time. At this time, he must be confronted with the question how he could do to ask his friend to return his money in person or by writing a letter? If I were forced to choose one of the two, I prefer to ask him to return my money by writing a letter.

　　One sound reason why I choose writing a letter is based on one true story. Last month, I received a letter from one of my friends unexpectedly. The letter says: " Hello, my dear friend, it's a long time since I saw you last time. I am sorry to bother you when you are up to neck in work, but would you think about the fact that you still haven't returned my money in time? For some reason, I need to use it. Could you return my money back? Thanks for your consideration." I didn't remember the thing until the letter astonished me. Certainly, a few days later, I returned my friend the money and gave him my regret. In my opinion, the letter doesn't hurt me. It helps me to get along with my friend more closely and intimately. If I hadn't received his letter, it would have ruined our friendship in a silent ripple only because of some money. The story is not rare. It can easily come to the conclusion than it is better to get money back by writing a letter.

　　Although somebody prefers to get his money by asking his friend to return his money in person, I think the notion is negative. As far as I am concerned, Everyone suffers from the strain of modern life. If you drop by your friend just because you want to get your money back ,it will hurt your friend and obviously hurt your relationship. However, a courteous and kind letter not only can solve the problem that wraps you, but also can have your relationship further develop.

 

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