英語(yǔ)新聞復(fù)合定語(yǔ)豐富多樣
一般而言,英語(yǔ)句子中的前置定語(yǔ)多為單詞,但是,在英語(yǔ)新聞報(bào)道中,記者往往不拘泥于這種傳統(tǒng)的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象,而是酌情靈活地使用復(fù)合定語(yǔ),即同時(shí)皮用兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單詞甚至一句句子來(lái)修飾某個(gè)句子。例如:Instead of an all-out strike,the workers will stage a go-slow.
工人們沒(méi)有舉行全面罷工,而是采取消極怠工的策略。
Thirty—five foreign ministers from the“group of 77" developing nations will be present and other member-countries are expected to be represented by high-lever non-ministerial delegations at the two—day meeting.
77國(guó)集團(tuán)中有35名外長(zhǎng)將出席這次會(huì)議,而其余的國(guó)家則將派出代表團(tuán)到會(huì)。
The Queen,wearing hat,scarf and gloves in partial compliance with Islamic stricures on feminine dress became the first woman ruler received in this oil—rich Middle East state.
女王戴著帽子和手套,系著圍巾,這在一定程度上符合了伊斯蘭教對(duì)婦女裝束的規(guī)定。她是這個(gè)所接待的第一位女性國(guó)家元首。
以上列舉的這類由連字號(hào)連接的復(fù)合定語(yǔ)一目了然,避免了使用短語(yǔ)或從句,既簡(jiǎn)化了句于的結(jié)構(gòu),節(jié)省了篇幅,便于記者趕稿,又幫助讀者加快了閱讀速度。此外,這類復(fù)合定語(yǔ)同中文的`定語(yǔ)頗為相似,故對(duì)中國(guó)讀者來(lái)說(shuō),比較容易接受。
從構(gòu)成方式分析,這類復(fù)合定語(yǔ)形式多樣,常見(jiàn)的主要有十余種,現(xiàn)分別列舉幾則實(shí)例,以資佐證:
1)名詞十現(xiàn)在分詞。如:
cancer—causing drug 制癌藥物
oil—producing country 產(chǎn)油國(guó)
peace—keeping force 維和部隊(duì)
policy—making body 決策機(jī)構(gòu)
2)形容詞十現(xiàn)在分詞。如:
far—reaching significance 深遠(yuǎn)意義
high—ranking official 高級(jí)官員
long—standing issue 由來(lái)己久的問(wèn)題
wide—spreading AIDS 到處蔓延的艾滋病
3)名詞十過(guò)去分詞。如:
blood—cemented friendship 鮮血凝成的友誼
export—oriented economy 外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)
poverty—stricken area 貧困地區(qū)
wasp—waisted road 蜂腰路段
4)形容詞十過(guò)去分詞。如:
deep—rooted social problems 根深蒂固的社會(huì)問(wèn)題
foreign—owned enterprise 外資企業(yè)
long—faced job loser 愁眉苦臉的失業(yè)者
quick—frozen food 速凍食品
5)副詞十過(guò)去分詞。如:
dimly—lit room 光線昏暗的房間
highly—sophisticated technology 尖端技術(shù)
richly—paid job 薪水豐厚的工作
well—informed source 消息靈通人士
6)名詞十形容詞。如:
inflation—proof deposit 保值儲(chǔ)昔
interest—free loan 無(wú)息貸款
labour—intensive enterprise 勞動(dòng)力密集型企業(yè)
vehicle—free promenade 步行街
7)名詞十名詞.如:
arms—reduction talks 裁軍談判
labour—management conflict 勞資沖突
supply—demand imbalance 供求失調(diào)
year—endreport 年終報(bào)告
8)形容詞十名詞。如:
fair—tradeagreement 互惠貿(mào)易協(xié)定
long—range nuclear missile 遠(yuǎn)程核導(dǎo)彈
long—term,low—interest loan 長(zhǎng)期低息貸款
top—level talk 最高級(jí)會(huì)談
9)數(shù)詞十名詞。如:
100—metre dash 百米賽跑
one—man government 獨(dú)裁政府
one—way street 單向道
21—gun salute 21響禮炮
10)名詞十to十名詞。如:
dusk—to—dawn curfew 徹夜宵禁
face—to—face talk 會(huì)晤;面晤
ground—to—air missile 地對(duì)空導(dǎo)彈
hand—to—mouth pay 溫飽工資
11)綜合性詞組或短語(yǔ)。如:
touch—and—go affair 一觸即發(fā)的局勢(shì)
good--to—excellent care 無(wú)微不至的關(guān)懷
middle—of—the—road policy 中立政策
on—the—job training 在職培訓(xùn);崗位培訓(xùn)
On—the—spot interview 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)采訪
One—country—two—system policy 一國(guó)兩制的政策
be—kind—to—animal campaign 保護(hù)動(dòng)物運(yùn)動(dòng)
see—while—you—talkphone 可視電話
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