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高考英語二輪語法專講教案 第1講 現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時

時間:2023-04-25 19:01:38 教案 我要投稿
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高考英語二輪語法專講精品教案 第1講 現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時

 高考英語二輪語法專講精品教案 第1講 現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 來源:中學(xué)學(xué)科網(wǎng)   知識掃描: 英語的動詞時態(tài)有四種:一般時態(tài)、進(jìn)行時態(tài)、完成時態(tài)和完成進(jìn)行時態(tài),F(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成公式為:have/has+過去分詞; 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成公式為:have/has been +現(xiàn)在分詞。 現(xiàn)在完成時的基本例句: 1)  We have lived here since1995. 2)  I have been to Japan twice. 3)  Joan has just finished her homework 其中,(2)(3)描述的是過去發(fā)生而與現(xiàn)在情況有關(guān)的事物或狀態(tài),(1)描述的是從過去某時到現(xiàn)在為止這一段時間中發(fā)生的情況。 ▲ 總之,現(xiàn)在完成時表現(xiàn)的是從過去到現(xiàn)在的事情。 一、  現(xiàn)在完成時的形式 A→現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句 句型:主語(I、we、you第三人稱復(fù)數(shù))+have+過去分詞   主語(第三人稱單數(shù))+has+過去分詞 例:1)I have been busy all the day. 2) My father has read today’s paper. 3)  I have just written the letter. B→現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句 句型:主語 + have/has + not + 過去分詞 例:1)The concert hasn’t/has not started yet. 2)They haven’t gotten to London yet. C→現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句 例:1)Has the concert started? 2) Have you friend your homework? D→現(xiàn)在完成時的特殊疑問句,分兩種情況 a. 疑問句詞作主語時 句型:疑問句(主語)+have/has+過去分詞+……? 例:1)Who has/have bought these apples?   2)Who has made her so sad? B→疑問詞作主語以外的成分時 句型:疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞+……? 例:1)How long have you live here? 2)How many times have you been to Spain? 二、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法 1、概述   形式  have/has過去分詞 用法 意義 繼續(xù) 表示從過去繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài) 經(jīng)驗 表示過去某一是可到現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)驗 完成 表示現(xiàn)在剛完成的動作 成果 表示現(xiàn)在是“做了……”的結(jié)果 例:1)繼續(xù) He has been sick since last week. 2) 經(jīng)驗 I have visited Tokyo twice.   Have you ever been to Hawaii? 3) 完成 I have just finished my homework.   Has he finished his work yet? 4) 結(jié)果 My father has become a lawyer.   I have lost my dictionary. 下面分別闡述其用法 2、表示繼續(xù)的現(xiàn)在完成時 例:1)肯定句:Li Ming’s elder brother has studied in Beijing university for about three years.   2)否定句:We haven’t seen each other all this month.   3)疑問句:How long have you know your boy friend? A→基本用法 表示繼續(xù)意義的現(xiàn)在完成時,說明過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也就是說從過去某時開始 的動作、狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。此時,往往用和現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的表示一段時間的時間狀語。 例:1)I began to study English three years ago.(過去試) 2)I still study English now.(現(xiàn)在式) 3)I have studied English since three years ago.     現(xiàn)在完成時 Have+過去分詞     ▲ 牢記:表繼續(xù)的動詞 have known 已經(jīng)認(rèn)識了  have studied  已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了 have worked ; have been to; have used ;have taught ;have stayed; have wanted to; have lived ▲ B→常用的時間狀語 表示繼續(xù)的現(xiàn)在完成時,常和下列時間狀語連用 for+時間段 since+過去某時 all this week  often   today recently  all day up to now  直到現(xiàn)在  so far 到目前為止 lately  always  till/until now in the past years these days this  week during the past (years、month) 3、表示經(jīng)驗的現(xiàn)在完成時 例:1)肯定句:I have seen the film three times. 2) 否定句:I’ve never seen the film. 3)疑問句:Have you ever been to U.K.? A→基本用法 表示經(jīng)驗的現(xiàn)在完成時,說明從過去起到現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)驗,即從過去到現(xiàn)在之間曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過或做過的事情。 B→常用的時間狀語   Often, ever, before, never, once, twice, times, many times C→ have/has been的用法 形式 意義 用法 Have/has been to 表示“曾經(jīng)去過……” 經(jīng)驗 表示“到 … 去過了…” 完成 Have/has been in 表示“曾在……” 經(jīng)驗 表示“一直在……” 繼續(xù) 例:a.  have been to I have been to the summer palace twice.(經(jīng)驗) I have been to the museum to see the exhibition.(完成)   b. have been in Have you ever been in America?(經(jīng)驗) We have been in home for the whole day.(繼續(xù)) 插曲:be 動詞的過去分詞 Be動詞的過去分詞不管主語的人稱和數(shù)都要用been表示 例:We have been tired these days 區(qū)別:I am happy.(一般現(xiàn)在時)   I was happy.(一般過去時)   I have been happy.(現(xiàn)在完成時) 4.表示完成,結(jié)果的現(xiàn)在完成時 例:1)My father has just gone out.(結(jié)果)   2)I have closed the window.(完成)   3)Mr.Li has gone to Australia.(結(jié)果) A→表示完成的用法 I’ve just finished my homework. They have gone to GuiLin. B→表示結(jié)果的用法 例1、(1)I opened the door. (2)The door is open now. (3)I have opened the door. 例2、(1)John bought a dictionary. (2)Now John has a new dictionary. (3)John has bought a new dictionary. ▲牢記:表結(jié)果的現(xiàn)在完成時常見動詞。 make  become  go  come  lose  grow  sell  buy  fall C→常見的時間狀語(副詞) already just  yet→句末 句中 三、現(xiàn)在完成時的注意事項 1、just now和just的區(qū)別  just now用在一般過去時 just用在現(xiàn)在完成時 例:1)We had an English lesson just now. 2) We have just had an English lesson. 2、today等時間狀語的運用 運用today,this morning,this afternoon等時間狀語時,時態(tài)要根據(jù)說話的具體情況而定。 例:1)He didn’t do his homework this afternoon.他今天下午沒有做功課。 He hasn’t done his homework this afternoon.他今天下午還沒有做功課呢。   2)He arrived here a little late today,because he got up late and didn’t catch the bus.   3)He has been very busy today.(截至到說話時,仍是在今天,他們很忙) 3、幾種時態(tài)表示同一意思 例:1)He left china two years ago.   2)It is two years since he left china.   3)He has away from china for 2 years. 四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時 區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在完成時側(cè)重于動作的結(jié)速或完成;而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時側(cè)重于動作的未結(jié)束和繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。 例:1)I have opened the can.   2) I have been writing the letter since then. 1、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時的形式: 1)主動語態(tài):主語+have/has+現(xiàn)在分詞(doing) 2)被動語態(tài):主語+have/has been+過去分詞(done) 例:Have you been waiting for him all the day? 2、用法 a.在強(qiáng)調(diào)動作還未結(jié)束,還要繼續(xù)下去時,不能用現(xiàn)在完成時,而要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。 例:I’ve been writing the composition for two hours,but I haven’t finished it yet. b. 動作不包含持續(xù)意思的動詞,要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時,表示延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。 例:The artist has been painting the painting. c. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時也用來表示一種在現(xiàn)在以前這個階段反復(fù)發(fā)生的事。 例:He has promsing me to help you.Hasn’t he done it? d. 有些動詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時,但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。 1)表狀態(tài)的動詞 be, have,exist 2)表感情的動詞 like,love,hate,detest 3)表示感覺的動詞  see,hear,know,feel,sound 例:1)He has had a cold for a week. 2)I have heard the news since last week. 3、常用的時間狀語:(與表繼續(xù)的現(xiàn)在完成時相同) for+時間;since; these years; recently; all the time; how long… 例:1)They have been talking all the night. 2) How long has it been raining?

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