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8B牛津unit1復(fù)習(xí)教案
牛津 8B Unit1 復(fù)習(xí)教案教學(xué)目的1. To go over the knowledge in unit 1
教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)1. present perfect tense and some words and expressions
教學(xué)過(guò)程
一、重點(diǎn)單詞：just, since, fact, turn, miss, pleasant, land, way, lonely,
lucky, grandpa, unkind, impolite, over, unhealthy
二、短語(yǔ)運(yùn)用：in fact, get married, turn into, noise pollution, take off,
in some ways, from time to time, be in service/use, free time, on
one’s own, on longer, the changes to;
三、重點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)：It is easy for him to see them as often as before.
It was built to the north of Lantau Island.
I wish you a happy holiday.
It no longer provides a good environment for wildlife.
The changes have brought many benefits but they have also caused many problems for wildlife.
四、語(yǔ)法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，present perfect tense
1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但考慮較多的不是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的什么時(shí)候，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)與目前的聯(lián)系，即過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)目前造成的影響和后果，或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作本身或狀態(tài)持續(xù)地現(xiàn)在，因此屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范疇。它的主要用法可概括為八個(gè)字：影響、結(jié)果、持續(xù)和經(jīng)歷。
2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：
肯定式：I/We/you/they have + been/ worked
she/he/it has + been/worked
否定式：have not +been/worked
has not + been/worked
疑問(wèn)式：Have +主語(yǔ)+been/worked …?
Has + 主語(yǔ)+ been/worked…?
3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法
�。�1）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在生成的影響或結(jié)果。
如：He has read the book.他已經(jīng)讀過(guò)這本書了。
“讀書”是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“讀過(guò)了”。
(2) 表示動(dòng)作過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)下去。這時(shí)往往與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。
如：He has worked for more than three years. 他工作三年多了。
I have been in Suzhou for ten years. 我來(lái)蘇州已經(jīng)十年了。
(3) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)范疇，不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday, last week, a day ago等。但可以和never, ever, already, yet, just(剛剛), for…, since…, in the past three years, so far(到目前為止), by now, before（以前）等連用。
如：Have you finished your picture yet? 你已經(jīng)完成你的畫了嗎？
I have never heard of him before. 過(guò)去我從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)他。
(4) 瞬間動(dòng)詞也叫短暫性動(dòng)詞。這種動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作開(kāi)始也就意味著結(jié)束，所以不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。這些動(dòng)詞是become, begin, start, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, go, join, leave, marry 等。這了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have, keep 等或短語(yǔ)“be+名詞/形容詞/位置副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)”來(lái)代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。
如：He has kept the book for three weeks. 這本書他已借了三周了。
The meeting has been on for half an hour. 會(huì)已開(kāi)始半小時(shí)了。
He has been in the army for three years. 他參軍三年了。
�。�5）其他詞組的區(qū)別
①since和for的區(qū)別
since短語(yǔ)或從句表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作延續(xù)至今，since之后為時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：He has lived here since 2000. 2000年以來(lái)他一直住在這兒。
I haven’t seen him since ten years ago. 自十年前開(kāi)始我就沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)他。
I have known him since I was very young. 我很小時(shí)就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。
For短語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，for后面跟時(shí)間段。
如：He has lived here for three years.他住這兒已經(jīng)三年了。
I haven’t seen her for a long time.我已經(jīng)好久沒(méi)見(jiàn)到她了。
②have/has been in, have/has been to和have/has gone to的區(qū)別
have/has been in表示“在某地呆了多久了”，可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 Have/has been to表示“曾到過(guò)某地（已回來(lái)）”，不能與一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。兩者表示的意義不同，所以跟的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也不同。
如：He has been to Guangzhou twice. 他去過(guò)廣州兩次。
He has been in Guangzhou for a long time. 他在廣州已呆了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。
have/has gone to意為“到某地去了（還沒(méi)回來(lái)）”，表示到了某地或正在去的途中�？傊�，說(shuō)話時(shí)當(dāng)事人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語(yǔ)。
如：—Where is Kate? 凱特在哪兒？
—She has gone to the post office. 她去郵局了。
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