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First aid
教學目標
Teaching aims
通過本單元的教學，學生了解有關(guān)急救的常識，在生活中如何處理一些突發(fā)事件，然后實施緊急救護等總結(jié)，歸納情態(tài)動詞的用法，如：should/shouldn’t; must/mustn’t ;ought to等表示義務(wù)和責任的用法。
Teaching important and difficult points
1.Words
knee, still, bite (bit, bitten/bit), lay (laid, laid), mouth-to-mouth, bum, cut, electric, container pool, breathe, within, handkerchief, wound, safety, wire, guard, sideway, firm, firmly wherever, stomach, injure, injured, injury, poison, quantity, nearby
2.Phrases
first aid, ought to, medical care, by mistake, pay attention to, in a short while, deal with, take it easy, running water, out of one’s reach, throw up, hold up
3. Useful expressions
We must carry her to the side of the road.
You mustn’t move someone if they are badly hurt.
Parents should know some first aid.
You shouldn’t get up if you are badly hurt.
I ought to go home.
I have to cook supper for my grandmother.
4. Grammar
Revise Modal Verbs : must, should
Study Modal Verb: ought to
教學建議
課文建議
教師安排學生大聲朗讀課文，理解課文含義，通過閱讀，教師對學生可小組討論，提問，口語練習，復(fù)述急救方法等，教師給學生展示幾組圖片，幫助學生學會一般的急救措施和家庭安全常識。
寫作建議
教師布置學生寫作的題目及要求，教師給學生幾分鐘時間進行討論，教師給學生一些關(guān)鍵的詞語，如：breathe, First Aid Centre, handkerchief, mouth-to mouth so on.之后，教師給學生十分鐘左右時間開始寫，最后教師請幾位同學朗讀，教師給予講評。
教材分析
本單元是圍繞First aid, Safety in the home,展開話題。對話課中描述兩個學生在街上看到一個女孩從自行車上摔下來的經(jīng)過，同時對話中使用了情態(tài)動詞的用法，課文中附有圖片和口語練習，幫助學生了解急救的重要性及有關(guān)的常識。
重點難點：
1. What should you do if a person has drunk poison by mistake? 假如有人誤喝了毒藥，你怎么辦？
by mistake是固定詞組，意為“錯誤地”，“無心地（做錯了事）”。例如：
She put salt in her cup of coffee by mistake．她錯將鹽放入咖啡里了。
2. do with，deal with
二者都可以用來表示“處理”的意思
但是用于特殊疑問句的時候do with與what連用；deal with則與how連用。例如：
你會怎樣處理一個從自行車上摔倒而嚴重受傷的？
另外，do with還可表達別的意思。例如：
What did you do with my umbrella? (=Where did you put my umbrella?)
你把我的傘放到哪里去了？
What are we to do with this naughty boy? (=How are we to deal with this naughty boy?) 我們該怎樣處置這個頑皮的男孩？
3. knock at, knock down & knock into的區(qū)別
knock at 指“敲打門窗”
I heard someone knocking at the door.我聽見有人敲門。
Tom tried knocking at the window.湯姆試著敲了敲窗戶。
knock down 指“……撞倒”
He nearly knocked me down at the corner.在拐角處，他幾乎把我撞倒。
He was knocked down by a car. 他被汽車撞倒了。
knock into 指“碰倒，撞上某人”，也可指“偶然碰見”。
The child knocked into the teacher.那孩子撞到了老師身上。
He knocked into the chair in the dark.黑暗中他撞在了椅子上。
He didn't expect to knock into some of his friends here.他沒有想到在這兒遇見一些朋友。
4. ask, demand, inquire, question & require
1)ask是一個常用詞，表示“問”的意思。
Did you ask the price of that ten－speed bicycle?你打聽過那輛十速自行車的價錢了嗎？
2)demand含有強硬、斷然的意味。
I demand that you leave this place at once.我要求你立即離開此地。
3)inquire 多用于較正式的語體，通常只表示打聽消息，尋求答案。
He inquired of the girl the way to the railway station.他問那女孩到火車站怎么走。
4)question 常表示一連串問題，有時則有盤問，審問之意。
①The questioning of the prisoner went on for hours.對那個囚犯的審訊延續(xù)了好幾個小時。
5)require有按照權(quán)利來“要求”或“命令”之意。
Since he was involved in the case, the court required his appearance.由于他與此案有關(guān)，法庭令他出庭。
5.breathe & breath
1)breathe 是動詞，是“呼吸”的意思。
He was breathing hard/heavily after racing for the train.他跑著趕上了火車，吃力地喘著氣。
It is good to breathe fresh country air instead of city smoke.呼吸鄉(xiāng)間新聞空氣而不吸入城市煙塵是有益的。
▲注意以下幾個習語的意思：
1）I can't concentrate with you breathing down my neck.你這樣緊緊叮著我，使我精神無法集中。
2）Promise me you won't breathe a word of this to anyone.答應(yīng)我別將此事泄漏給任何人。
3）The new manager has breathed fresh life into the company.新經(jīng)理給公司帶來了朝氣。
2)breath是名詞，也作“呼吸”解。
1）You can see people's breath on a cold day.冷天能看到人們呼出的空氣。
2）His breath smelt of garlic.他呼出氣中有蒜味。
▲注意以下習語的意思：
①Her smile is a breath of fresh air in this gloomy office.她的微笑給沉悶的辦公室?guī)砩鷼狻?/p>
②Religion is the breath of life for her.宗教對她來說是不可缺少的精神支柱。
③It took us a few minutes to get our breath back after the race.賽跑后我們用了好幾分鐘才恢復(fù)了正常呼吸。
④The audience held their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope.雜技演員走鋼絲時，觀眾們都屏住了呼吸。
⑤His heart condition makes him short(out) of breath.他心臟狀況不佳使他呼吸急。
⑥He lost his breath in running.由于奔跑他幾乎喘不上氣。
語法：情態(tài)動詞（Modal Verbs）
1） must
A.表示必須要干的事。如：
We must obey the rules．我們必須遵守規(guī)則。
You mustn’t talk like that．你可不能那樣說話。
must也可以表達過去情況，主要用于間接引語中。
She said that we must wait a little while．她說我們必須要等一會兒。
B．表示一種推測（只用于肯定句中，語氣比may要肯定得多）。
must have則表示對過去情況的推測。例如：
This must be Tom’s room. 這準是Tom的房間。
Jack must have gone there, hasn’t he? / didn’t he?杰克準是去過那兒了，對不對？
C．比較：have to也表示“必須”，但have to更強調(diào)客觀需要，must著重說明主觀看法。如：
We had to be there at 10 o’clock．我們得在10點到那兒。（客觀需要）
We must be back before 10 o’clock．我們必須10點前回來。（主觀認為）
有時也可互換：
We must / have to leave now．我們得走了。
must和have to的否定式即mustn’t和don’t have to意思完全不同。Mustn’t表示“不作某事”，有禁止的含義；don’t have to表示“不必要（作某事）”，含有“客觀上無此必要”的意思。例如：
You mustn’t move someone if the person is badly hurt．如果這人受了重傷，你一定不要動他．
The person isn’t hurt at all. You don’t have to give him first aid．這個人根本就沒有受傷，你不必給他進行急救。
2）need need作及物動詞，和不定式連用：
need to do sth. 需要干某事
need也可做情態(tài)動詞，主要用于否定句，即：
needn’t + v.不必干某事 例如：
You need to tell him the reason．你需要告訴他原因。
You needn’t tell him the reason. 你不必告訴他原因。
情態(tài)動詞need也可用于疑問句，肯定回答對一般must，否定回答時用needn’t．
——Need I come？ ——Yes，you must．／No，you needn’t．
教學設(shè)計方案Lesson 29
Teaching Aims
1. Practise the dialogue.
2. Study the uses of same of the modal verbs.
3. Study the language points in the lesson.
4. Do the discussion practice in Part 2.
Step Ⅰ Revision and Warm Up
1) Revise ailments and parts of the body. the following; toothache, earache, headache, and stomachache. Say to the class:
I’ve got…and get them to complete the sentence. Point to parts of your body and say I’ve hurt my ( arm/foot/leg/back/hand).
2)You can ask the Ss for advice for all these ailments: ask what should I do? and encourage the class to make suggestions.
Step ⅡPresentation
Tell the Ss a story by saying that this morning when I was on my way to school, I saw an accident in the street. A man was knocked down by a bike. He was injured on his knees. (Teach the new words injure and knee here. ) Some people went to help and he was sent to the hospital soon. I think he will be all right soon.
Say to the Ss Today we’re going to read a dialogue and learn about another accident in the street.
Step Ⅲ Listening
1.T: Say to the Ss that Chen Wei and Susan are walking down the street when they see an accident. Let’s listen to the dialogue. After listening, you are going to answer two questions.
1). What was the accident?
2). What did the girl injure?
Get two Ss to answer the questions. Check the answers.
1). A child ran into the street and knocked a girl off her bicycle.2). Her knee hurts, her knees and her head hurt too.
2.Play the tape again. This time the Ss can open their books while listening.
Step Ⅳ Reading
1.Give the Ss a few more minutes to read the dialogue carefully. Then give them a few questions
1).Why does Susan not agree to carry the girl to the side of the road?
2) Who do you think will come in a moment? Why?
3) What was the girl going to do?
Answers:1)Probably Susan has learned something about first aid. People mustn’t move someone if they are badly hurt. They should leave the person where he or she is.
2) Some doctors and nurses will come. Because Chen Wei has just called the First Aida Centre.
3) The girl was going go cook supper for her grandmother.
2. Do Ex. 1 in the Workbook, answering the questions to the dialogue.
Step Ⅴ Practice
1. Put the following sentences on the Bb. Get them to pay more attention when they are practising the dialogue.
We must carry her to the side of the road.
You shouldn’t move someone if they are badly hurt.
You should/ shouldn’t…
I ought to go home.
I have to cook supper for my grandmother.
2. Get the Ss to practise the first half of the dialogue, encourage some pairs to do it in class. Then get them to do group work, practising the second half of the dialogue, ask some groups to do it in front of the class.
Step Ⅵ Discussion
1. Part 2. Read the instructions aloud and check that the Ss know what they have to do. To make the discussion easy going, get the Ss to make notes in two columns as follows:
DOS DONTS
leave the person where he/she is carry the person
telephone for help move the person
stay with the person let the person get up
tell the person not to worry
tell the person to stay still
Demonstrate a short dialogue with a good student. You can also ask questions: Should I move the person? Should I give the person anything to drink? (No.) Put the Ss in pairs and get them to have similar dialogues. If you wish, you can get one or two pairs to act out their conversations in front of the class.
2. Do Ex. 2, Picture 2 in the Workbook. Look at the picture very carefully and ask the Ss to discuss in pairs or groups. Then gel one student in each group to report their ideas to the whole class. Discuss with the whole class and see if they are right and if they can add something new.
Answers:
You must send the woman to the hospital immediately. Don’t argue with the driver. If she loses one third of her blood, she may die.
Step Ⅶ Summary
1. After learning the dialogue, we know something about the first aid and how to deal with some accidents when we meet them. In this unit and in the next period we will learn more about first aid.
2. Go through the language points in the dialogue.
1) Chen Wei and Susan are walking down the street when they see an accident.
2) That girl has fallen off her bicycle. A child ran into the street and knocked her off her bicycle.
3) I think she must be injured.
4) Leave her where she is.
5) You mustn’t move someone if they are badly hurt.
6) Take it easy.
7) I ought to go home.
Step Ⅷ Homework
1. Do Ex. 2, Picture in the Workbook as written work.
2. Do Ex. 4.
教學設(shè)計方案Lesson 30
Teaching aims
1. Learn about some more about first aid.
2. Finish reading two passages in Lesson 30.
3. Study the language points of Lesson 30.
4. Practise using the patterns: You must…/ You mustn’t …/ You should always…/ You should never…
5. Finish off the exercises in Workbook Lesson 30.
Teaching procedures
Step 1 Revision
1. Check the homework exercises. Ask the Ss to describe the pictures in Wb Lesson 29, Ex. 2.
2. Revise the dialogue in Lesson 29.
3. Check Ss’ understanding of the four words in SB Page 44, Part 1.
Step 2 Presentation
1.Show the Ss pictures at the head of the text and discuss the pictures. Say the man’s head was badly injured and is bleeding. The woman is trying to help him to stop the bleeding.
1)What can you do when you meet with such accidents?
2)Can you do some of the first aid to people?
2.Then tell the Ss Today we are going to read about first aid. What is first aid? It is the medical help which you give to somebody immediately after an accident. You do not have to be a doctor to give somebody first aid. But you have to know what to do.
Teaching procedures
Step 3 Reading
1. Give the Ss a few minutes to do the fast reading of the text. Ask one student to repeat the definition of first aid.
2. Give them a few more minutes to do further reading. Then do Ex. 1 in Wb Lesson 30. Answer the questions one by one and make sure that the SB can answer them correctly.
3. Put up two tables on the Bb, showing the notes of the three important things to do and the three pieces of advice on dealing with common injuries.
Number
Three Important Things To Do
1
Check that the person can breathe.
2
Try to start the breathing.
3
Try to stop the bleeding at once.
Common
injuries
Advice
Animal bites
Wash the wound under cold running water.
See a doctor as soon as possible.
Burns
Cool the area of skin at once. Put dry clean cloth over the area of the burn. See a doctor.
Cuts
Wash the area of the cut, dry it and cover it with dry clean cloth.
Step 4.Language points
1)…you don’t have to be an doctor.
2) Check that the person can breathe. Open the mouth and make sure that there is no food at the back of the mouth.
3)Lay the person on his/her back.
4) Here is some advice for dealing with common injuries.
5) Cool the area of skin at once.
6) However, after a few hours of study you will manage to know enough to save other people’s lives.
7) If everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.
Step 5 Oral practice
Part 4. Practise the {erases given with the whole class. Then demonstrate the pairwork with a good student, covering the text but looking at the pictures. Make sure that the SB are using the phrases correctly and listening for any common mistakes.
6 Homework
1. Do Ex. 2 as oral work.
2. Finish Ex. 3.
探究活動
Play a role
教師給學生話題進行表演，如：If you happen to see someone who has an accident, do you think you can make a right decision?
1）If the person is not breathing, 2) If the person is bleeding badly, 3)If someone is bitten by an animal,教師把學生分成幾組討論后，可到獎教室前面進行表演。
First aid
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