- 相關(guān)推薦
Advertise
教學目標
1.語言點
have comments from, bring in, photograph sb. doing ,go hand in hand with,think up an idea,try out startwith ,forsale,put… into… ,expressone’ssatisfaction with…,blame,advertise,prove,partly,living things,life,point out,be about to do
2.語法點 Revising the Past Participle（復習過去分詞）
3．重點句型
（l）I think it would be a good idea to have comments from secretaries and typists who are already using it．
（2）What kind of advertisements do you read or watch．If any？
（3）Is it a waste of money？
（4）Also present will be a person who thinks up an idea for an advertisement．
（5）Isn’t it time you made someone’s life a bit easier？
（6）People read advertisements partly for information and partly because they are interesting．
（7）Today’s advertisements often start with a question, or a puzzle，with the purpose of attracting the reader’s attention．
（8）Sometimes advertisements tell a story，or the story may be continued over a number of advertisements．
（9）The supermarket is crowded with shoppers．
（10）We had the idea tried out．
（11）Disturbed by the noise，we had to finish the。meeting early．
（12）We would be happy to sell it to you for 3500，that is 50％ of the cost of a new one．
4．能力要求
（1）提高交際能力，掌握表示建議，對別人的意見表示同意或不同意的表達；
（2）了解廣告制作的過程；
（3）復習過去分詞的用法。
教學建議
教材分析
本單元日常交際用語一項要求學生掌握表達同意，贊同及不同意，不贊同的方式。其中大部分句型是學生已熟悉的內(nèi)容。但需向?qū)W生指明不同的表達所表示的說話人的不同語氣。
本單元閱讀材料是有關(guān)廣告這一題材的說明文，文章所運用的語言較為平實，淺顯。通過學習，學生應了解廣告的表現(xiàn)形式，一般廣告制作過程，為達到預期效果而對廣告制作提出的要求等方面的知識。根據(jù)廣告隨處可見，隨處可聞特點，結(jié)合課文內(nèi)容，幫助學生因此教師可以通過增加學生閱讀量，拓展相關(guān)知識以及加大學生口語表達和寫作練習量等方式培養(yǎng)學生聽說讀寫諸方面的能力。如學生的能力尚可，還可以考慮讓學生練習寫出較為簡單實用的英文廣告。
本單元語法部分（復習過去分詞的主要用法）既是重點又是難點。學生不通則已，一通百通。
教法建議
在處理交際用語內(nèi)容時，完全可以讓學生自己去概括并找出對話中所表達的日常交際用語項目，教師可只做適當?shù)臄U展，說明和提示
對閱讀的處理可相對從簡，教師可根據(jù)廣告隨處可見，隨處可聞特點，結(jié)合課文內(nèi)容，通過增加學生閱讀量，拓展相關(guān)知識以及加大學生口語表達和寫作練習量等方式培養(yǎng)學生聽說讀寫諸方面的能力。如學生的能力尚可，還可以考慮讓學生練習寫出較為簡單實用的英文廣告。同時，還可以考慮在這一部分中加入探究活動一項。:如：啟發(fā)學生思考廣告的不同類型（可將一般的商業(yè)廣告與高一課本中的尋物啟事，招領啟事作對比）；廣告寫（制）作時應遵循的原則（除課本介紹以外的）：就廣告與人們生活的關(guān)系組織小型辯論或討論等等。
在復習過去分詞做定語，表語，賓語補足語時，建議結(jié)合現(xiàn)在分詞的用法，抓住最為本質(zhì)的區(qū)別進行對比學習和鞏固，以加深印象。
1．think up，think out，think over，think of.
think up，think out側(cè)重于思考的結(jié)果，即是否想出了辦法、計劃等；
think up主要表示“設想、構(gòu)思”之意；think out主要表示“仔細思考并研究出（計劃等），或者想透問題”等，兩個短語均為動副結(jié)構(gòu)；think over也為動副結(jié)構(gòu)，側(cè)重于思考，不涉及結(jié)果，表達“深思熟慮，仔細思考”之意；think of主要表示“考慮，關(guān)心，想起，對……有某種看法”之意，為動介（動詞十介詞）結(jié)構(gòu)。表示看法、評價之時，常用一些副詞來修飾，如think much／a lot／a great deal／highly／well／ill of…（對……評價高／好／不好）；若問評價如何，覺得怎樣，常用what…think of…；若表示“以為，認為”時，則用think of…as。e．g．
①I can’t think of his name.我想不起他的名字。
②You mustn’t think of him as being irresponsible.你不要以為他是一個不負責任的人。
③She gained confidence in herself as she thought the matter over．
她好好想了想這件事，對自己有了信心。
④He put his whole heart into thinking up ways to improve the quality of heir Products．他把全部心思都用來想辦法提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。
⑤His theory is so complicated that nobody can think it out．
他的理論是那樣復雜，沒有一個人能把它搞清楚
hand in hand，in hand，at hand與 by hand
hand in hand為副詞短語，表達“手牽手，攜手，共同”之意；in hand可用成形容詞或副詞，表示“在手里／手邊，進行中，掌握中”之意；at hand可用成形容詞或副詞，表示“在手邊，即將來到的”，常與close , near連用. by hand用作副詞表達“用手工做，由專人遞送”之意。e．g．
①I always keep a dictionary at hand. 我經(jīng)常把字典放在手邊。
②Her sweater is knitted by hand． 她的毛衣是手工編織的。
③They walked hand in hand in the garden． 她們手牽著手在花園里散步。
④The police had the riot in hand． 警察控制了暴動。
post，send，deliver,mai1.
post指把信件、包裹投人郵箱、郵筒，側(cè)重于“郵寄”之意；send指通過某種途徑或方式或派人將某物送出，表達“送、寄、發(fā)送”之意；deliver指把信件、包裹貨物等親自交給某人或某物，表示“傳送，交付”之意。mail同post，多用于美語之中。e．g．
①A postman is a man who delivers letters and parcels．郵遞員就是遞送信件及包裹的人。
②I sent an E-mail to him yesterday．昨天我跟他發(fā)了＿個郵件。
③They send goods by train．他們用火車運送貨物。
④He posted the recorded tape to me。他把那錄音帶郵寄給我了。
2.think up，think out，think over，think of.
think up，think out側(cè)重于思考的結(jié)果，即是否想出了辦法、計劃等；
think up主要表示“設想、構(gòu)思”之意；think out主要表示“仔細思考并研究出（計劃等），或者想透問題”等，兩個短語均為動副結(jié)構(gòu)；think over也為動副結(jié)構(gòu)，側(cè)重于思考，不涉及結(jié)果，表達“深思熟慮，仔細思考”之意；think of主要表示“考慮，關(guān)心，想起，對……有某種看法”之意，為動介（動詞十介詞）結(jié)構(gòu)。表示看法、評價之時，常用一些副詞來修飾，如think much／a lot／a great deal／highly／well／ill of…（對……評價高／好／不好）；若問評價如何，覺得怎樣，常用what…think of…；若表示“以為，認為”時，則用think of…as。e．g．
①I can’t think of his name.我想不起他的名字。
②You mustn’t think of him as being irresponsible.你不要以為他是一個不負責任的人。
③She gained confidence in herself as she thought the matter over．她好好想了想這件事，對自己有了信心。
④He put his whole heart into thinking up ways to improve the quality of heir Products．他把全部心思都用來想辦法提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。
⑤His theory is so complicated that nobody can think it out．他的理論是那樣復雜，沒有一個人能把它搞清楚
in one’s seventies與in the seventies
in one’s seventies表示“在某人七十多歲的時候”，用于指年齡
in the seventies表達在70年代時，用于指時間。e．g．
Karl Marx began to learn English in his fifties.
卡爾•馬克思五十多歲的時候開始學英語。
搭配辨析 late，lately，later，latter，last，latest
late做副詞表示時間上的晚或遲。lately做副詞相當于recently，表示“最近，近來”之意，強調(diào)時間點，多用過去時，表示時間長度，多用完成時，但不可用于將來時態(tài)中。later做形容詞時，表示“以后的，后期的”；做副詞時表示“后來，較晚地”，還可與表示時間的名詞連用，表示“……之后”，用于過去和將來。latter用作形容詞，常與定冠詞the連用，表示列舉的兩個事物中的后面的一個，譯為“后者”，與 the former相對。last用作形容詞，表示“最后的”，與first相對；表示“剛過去的，上一次的”，與next根對；還可表示“最不可能的，最不合適的，最不愿意的”等意思。last做副詞表示“最后，最近，上一次”之意。latest是形容詞，它指時間的先后中“最近的，最新的”。e．g．
①His coat is the latest style．他的外套是最新款式。
②She has been in for the last three days．最近三天她一直在家。
③she is the last woman I expected to see．我萬萬沒想到會遇見她。
④I left the School last yesterday．我昨天是最后一個離開學校的。
⑤I haven’t written to her lately．最近我沒給她寫信。
⑥Of the two choices，I prefer the latter．在這兩個選擇中，我更喜歡后者。
⑦He came back ten days later．十天后，他回來了。
⑧He made no close friends during later years在以后的那些年里，他沒有交上什么親密的朋友。
⑨Her companion，blamed for the accident，had not been driving carefully.
她的同伴駕車一直不小心，事故得怪他。
搭配辨析blame與scold
blame表示“責怪，歸咎”，通常指內(nèi)心責怪。如果你覺得某人有不是的地方，你便在blame他，但他自己卻未必知道，因為它沒有用言語責罵之意；scold表示“數(shù)落，責罵”之意，但不是以臟話罵人，常用于“父母對孩子，妻子對丈夫，老師對學生等。e．g．
①I have nothing to blame myself for．我沒有什么可責怪自己。
②The parents scolded him severely for lying to them．他因?qū)Ω改赣H說謊而遭嚴厲責罵。
搭配辨析answer與 reply
這兩個詞均有“回答，答復”之意。answer不僅用于回答問題，還用于對書信、電話、行動、門鈴及攻擊行為或質(zhì)問的回答，是一般常用詞。reply正式用語，常用于對人、書信、議論、忠告、見解等的回答，與answer�？赏ㄓ�。但reply常指經(jīng)過考慮答復對方的問題或論點。
①There’s another knock．I’ll go and answer the door． 又有人敲門，我去開門。
②I asked her the reason，but she didn’t reply． 我問她為什么，她卻不回答。
搭配辨析for sale與 on sale
這兩個詞都有“出售”之意。for sale常指個人所有物出售、待售；on ssle常作形容詞短語，表示物品出售。上市，也可用作形容詞或副詞,表“廉價出售的／地／特價的／地”。e．g．
① He put his car for sale． 他把汽車拿出來賣。
② They sell eggs on today. 今天那家店雞蛋大減價。
③ Kinds of fresh fruit are on sale. 新鮮水果上市了。
語法學習中應注意的問題
1. 1) -ing形式的一般式表示性質(zhì)、主動，而及物動詞的過去分詞則表狀態(tài)、被動。
例 ①a．The work was tiring. 這工作挺累的。
b．The workers were soon tired． 工人們很快就累了。
a．-lng形式作表語表示主語（物）的性質(zhì)。 b. 過去分詞作表語表示主語（人）的狀態(tài)。
②a．It was a piece of exciting news. 這是一個令人激動的消息。
b. The excited old man drank a lot that night．（定語） 激動的老人那晚喝了很多酒。
a. －ing 形式作定語表示后面名詞的性質(zhì)。 b. 過去分詞作定語表示后面名詞的性質(zhì)。
③a. He had the horse running more than 100 miles 他讓馬奔跑了一百多英里。
b．I’ll have the letter typed immediately. 我會馬上找人把這封信打出來。
a．－ing形式作賓語補足語與賓語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系。
b．過去分詞作賓語補足語與賓語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。
2). 表主動含義時，名詞前作定語的-ing形式表示進行，過去分詞表示完成。
例：①a．France Is a developed country． 法國是一個發(fā)達的國家。
b.China is a developing country• 中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。
②a. a changed world已經(jīng)變化的世界。 b. a changing world正在變化的世界。
③a. the risen sun已經(jīng)升起的太陽。 b. the rising sun正在升起太陽。
3). 過去分詞短語和-ing 短語及不定式短語作后置定語的區(qū)別
a．過去分詞作定語，表示動作發(fā)生的時間早于謂語動詞，或者沒有一定的時間性，只表被動關(guān)系；而-ing形式作后置定語則表示正在進行的動作或狀態(tài)；如動作發(fā)生在將來，用動詞不定式作定語。
例：①I don’t like to see letters written in pencil．
我不喜歡看用鉛筆寫的信。（只表被動，無時間性）
②This is the building built last year．這是去年建的樓房。（被動，完成）
③The building being built there is our lab．
那里正建的那幢建筑物是我們的實驗室。（正在進行）
④They have designed a building to be built next year．
他們已設計了一幢明年要建的樓房。（將來）
b表被動含義時，瞬時動詞不能用-ing 進行式的被動語態(tài)，應使用過去分詞。
例：①most of the people being invited to the party were famous scientists. (Ⅹ)
②Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists．(√)
多數(shù)應邀參加晚會的人都是著名的科學家。
c．-ing完成時的被動語態(tài)不能用作定語，表被動含義時用過去分詞。
例：①We enjoy seeing the films having been directed by Charlie Chaplin．(Ⅹ)
②We enjoy seeing the films directed by Charlie Chaplin．(√)
我們喜歡看卓別林導演的電影。
2. 過去分詞和不定式作賓語補足語
不定式作賓語補足語與賓語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，過去分詞作賓語補足語與賓語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。
例：①When we talk with others，we make ourselves understood not just by words.
②When we talk With others，we make them understand us not just by words．
我們與人交談時，不只是通過語言讓人們理解我們的意思。
3. 過去分詞的邏輯主語
作狀語用的過去分詞，其邏輯主語應與名詞中的主語一致。
例：①Seen from the hill, we find the village very small. (Ⅹ)
②Seen from the hill，the village looks very small．(√)
我們?nèi)绻谏缴峡矗ㄎ覀儯⿻l(fā)現(xiàn)村子很小。
高考熱點
以下是歷年高考題中的過去分詞試題，請總結(jié)有關(guān)過去分詞的考點。
l．The managers discussed the plan that they
would like to see the next year．（NMET 2000）
A．carry out B．carrying out C．carried out D．to carry out
分析: 例1的答案為C。此句中包含一個定語從句，the plan是定語從句的先行詞，將其放到定語從句中構(gòu)成 they would like to see the plan ____（carry out）。the plan與 carry out構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用 carried out。
小結(jié): 此題測試的是過去分詞作賓補。過去分詞作賓補時，它所表示的動作對象是前面的賓語，與其構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。
2．Most of the artists to the party were ____ from South Africa．
A．invited B．to invited
C．being invited D．had been invited（NMET90）
3．The first textbooks________for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century．
A．having written B．to be written
C．being written D．written (NMET94)
4．The Olympic Games，____ in 776B.C.，did not include women players until 1912．
A first played B．to be first played
C first playing D．to be first playing （NMET97）
分析:例2的答案為 A。例3的答案為 D。此兩題都是前面的名詞與動詞之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，作后置定語�？勺�?yōu)橄拗菩远ㄕZ從句，who were invited…；that were written…。例4的答案為 A.名詞 the Olympic Games與動詞 play之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，也作后置定語，可變?yōu)榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句 which were first played…。
小結(jié):以上三個小題測試的是過去分詞作后置定語。過去分詞作定語通常表示被動含義，同時還表示這個分詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。
5．____more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given (NMET 90)
6． ____ in thought，he almost ran Into the car in front of him．
A、Losing B．Having lost C．Lost D．Lose（NMET96）
分析：例 5的答案為 A。主句的主語the trees與動詞give之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。此題過去分詞作了條件狀語�？筛臑� If the trees had been given more attention…. 例 6的答案為C。把此句還原后是As he was lost in thought, he …lost
小結(jié)：以上兩題測試的是過去分詞作狀語。過去分詞作狀語時，表示名詞與動詞之間是被動關(guān)系，一般強調(diào)分詞所發(fā)生的動作在謂語動作之前發(fā)生.
7．Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour. （NMET’98）
A．pay B. paying C．paid D．to pay
分析：此題的答案為C。此題旨在考查“get十過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的 get可以用be代替。后跟過去分詞作表語，含有被動含義，多用于強調(diào)結(jié)果或表示不期而遇和偶然發(fā)生的事。類似的短語還有g(shù)et broken；get hurt; get married; get caught等。
小結(jié)：此題測試的是過去分詞作表語。過去分詞作表語時表達被動含義，即句子的主句是這個過去分詞所表示動作的承受者。
從以上分析可以看出，在做與分詞有關(guān)的試題時，一定要考慮動詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系，是主動關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，是被動關(guān)系用過去分詞。
正誤辨析：
1.我昨天在醫(yī)院拔了一顆牙。
誤：I pulled out a tooth yesterday． 正：I had a tooth pulled out yesterday．
分析：“拔牙”動作非自己所為，“請別人做某事”應用
have sth. done 結(jié)構(gòu)。又如： l had my eyes examined yesterday．
Have sth. done 還有 “遭遇（不幸）”之意。如He had his hands burned．
2. 高先生主管那所醫(yī)院。
誤：Mr Gao is in the charge of the hospital．
正：Mr Gao is in charge of the the hospital．
分析：in charge of 表示 主管，負責（某 事），而 in thecharge of 表示 “在……主管之下”。 如：The hospital is in the charge of Mr. Gao．
3．他過去是一個經(jīng)理。
誤：He would be a manager，
正：He used to be a manager．
分析：would和 used to都可表示“過去常常發(fā)生的動作”，后接動作動詞。如：
He used to／would go fishing in the lake. 但 would 后面不能接表認識、狀態(tài)的動詞，而used
to 可以。如： My elder brother used to be a sailor．
4．我建議引進更多的設備。
誤：I suggest to bring in more equipments．
正：I suggest bringing in more equipment．
分析：suggest要求后面接動名詞作賓語。equipment為不可數(shù)名詞。
5．《我心永恒》這首歌很受年輕人歡迎。
誤：The song “My heart will go on” is popular to the young people．
正：The song “My heart will go on” is popular with the young people．
分析：be popular with表示“受……的歡迎”。
教學目標
1.語言點
have comments from, bring in, photograph sb. doing ,go hand in hand with,think up an idea,try out startwith ,forsale,put… into… ,expressone’ssatisfaction with…,blame,advertise,prove,partly,living things,life,point out,be about to do
2.語法點 Revising the Past Participle（復習過去分詞）
3．重點句型
（l）I think it would be a good idea to have comments from secretaries and typists who are already using it．
（2）What kind of advertisements do you read or watch．If any？
（3）Is it a waste of money？
（4）Also present will be a person who thinks up an idea for an advertisement．
（5）Isn’t it time you made someone’s life a bit easier？
（6）People read advertisements partly for information and partly because they are interesting．
（7）Today’s advertisements often start with a question, or a puzzle，with the purpose of attracting the reader’s attention．
（8）Sometimes advertisements tell a story，or the story may be continued over a number of advertisements．
（9）The supermarket is crowded with shoppers．
（10）We had the idea tried out．
（11）Disturbed by the noise，we had to finish the。meeting early．
（12）We would be happy to sell it to you for 3500，that is 50％ of the cost of a new one．
4．能力要求
（1）提高交際能力，掌握表示建議，對別人的意見表示同意或不同意的表達；
（2）了解廣告制作的過程；
（3）復習過去分詞的用法。
教學建議
教材分析
本單元日常交際用語一項要求學生掌握表達同意，贊同及不同意，不贊同的方式。其中大部分句型是學生已熟悉的內(nèi)容。但需向?qū)W生指明不同的表達所表示的說話人的不同語氣。
本單元閱讀材料是有關(guān)廣告這一題材的說明文，文章所運用的語言較為平實，淺顯。通過學習，學生應了解廣告的表現(xiàn)形式，一般廣告制作過程，為達到預期效果而對廣告制作提出的要求等方面的知識。根據(jù)廣告隨處可見，隨處可聞特點，結(jié)合課文內(nèi)容，幫助學生因此教師可以通過增加學生閱讀量，拓展相關(guān)知識以及加大學生口語表達和寫作練習量等方式培養(yǎng)學生聽說讀寫諸方面的能力。如學生的能力尚可，還可以考慮讓學生練習寫出較為簡單實用的英文廣告。
本單元語法部分（復習過去分詞的主要用法）既是重點又是難點。學生不通則已，一通百通。
教法建議
在處理交際用語內(nèi)容時，完全可以讓學生自己去概括并找出對話中所表達的日常交際用語項目，教師可只做適當?shù)臄U展，說明和提示
對閱讀的處理可相對從簡，教師可根據(jù)廣告隨處可見，隨處可聞特點，結(jié)合課文內(nèi)容，通過增加學生閱讀量，拓展相關(guān)知識以及加大學生口語表達和寫作練習量等方式培養(yǎng)學生聽說讀寫諸方面的能力。如學生的能力尚可，還可以考慮讓學生練習寫出較為簡單實用的英文廣告。同時，還可以考慮在這一部分中加入探究活動一項。:如：啟發(fā)學生思考廣告的不同類型（可將一般的商業(yè)廣告與高一課本中的尋物啟事，招領啟事作對比）；廣告寫（制）作時應遵循的原則（除課本介紹以外的）：就廣告與人們生活的關(guān)系組織小型辯論或討論等等。
在復習過去分詞做定語，表語，賓語補足語時，建議結(jié)合現(xiàn)在分詞的用法，抓住最為本質(zhì)的區(qū)別進行對比學習和鞏固，以加深印象。
1．think up，think out，think over，think of.
think up，think out側(cè)重于思考的結(jié)果，即是否想出了辦法、計劃等；
think up主要表示“設想、構(gòu)思”之意；think out主要表示“仔細思考并研究出（計劃等），或者想透問題”等，兩個短語均為動副結(jié)構(gòu)；think over也為動副結(jié)構(gòu)，側(cè)重于思考，不涉及結(jié)果，表達“深思熟慮，仔細思考”之意；think of主要表示“考慮，關(guān)心，想起，對……有某種看法”之意，為動介（動詞十介詞）結(jié)構(gòu)。表示看法、評價之時，常用一些副詞來修飾，如think much／a lot／a great deal／highly／well／ill of…（對……評價高／好／不好）；若問評價如何，覺得怎樣，常用what…think of…；若表示“以為，認為”時，則用think of…as。e．g．
①I can’t think of his name.我想不起他的名字。
②You mustn’t think of him as being irresponsible.你不要以為他是一個不負責任的人。
③She gained confidence in herself as she thought the matter over．
她好好想了想這件事，對自己有了信心。
④He put his whole heart into thinking up ways to improve the quality of heir Products．他把全部心思都用來想辦法提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。
⑤His theory is so complicated that nobody can think it out．
他的理論是那樣復雜，沒有一個人能把它搞清楚
hand in hand，in hand，at hand與 by hand
hand in hand為副詞短語，表達“手牽手，攜手，共同”之意；in hand可用成形容詞或副詞，表示“在手里／手邊，進行中，掌握中”之意；at hand可用成形容詞或副詞，表示“在手邊，即將來到的”，常與close , near連用. by hand用作副詞表達“用手工做，由專人遞送”之意。e．g．
①I always keep a dictionary at hand. 我經(jīng)常把字典放在手邊。
②Her sweater is knitted by hand． 她的毛衣是手工編織的。
③They walked hand in hand in the garden． 她們手牽著手在花園里散步。
④The police had the riot in hand． 警察控制了暴動。
post，send，deliver,mai1.
post指把信件、包裹投人郵箱、郵筒，側(cè)重于“郵寄”之意；send指通過某種途徑或方式或派人將某物送出，表達“送、寄、發(fā)送”之意；deliver指把信件、包裹貨物等親自交給某人或某物，表示“傳送，交付”之意。mail同post，多用于美語之中。e．g．
①A postman is a man who delivers letters and parcels．郵遞員就是遞送信件及包裹的人。
②I sent an E-mail to him yesterday．昨天我跟他發(fā)了＿個郵件。
③They send goods by train．他們用火車運送貨物。
④He posted the recorded tape to me。他把那錄音帶郵寄給我了。
2.think up，think out，think over，think of.
think up，think out側(cè)重于思考的結(jié)果，即是否想出了辦法、計劃等；
think up主要表示“設想、構(gòu)思”之意；think out主要表示“仔細思考并研究出（計劃等），或者想透問題”等，兩個短語均為動副結(jié)構(gòu)；think over也為動副結(jié)構(gòu)，側(cè)重于思考，不涉及結(jié)果，表達“深思熟慮，仔細思考”之意；think of主要表示“考慮，關(guān)心，想起，對……有某種看法”之意，為動介（動詞十介詞）結(jié)構(gòu)。表示看法、評價之時，常用一些副詞來修飾，如think much／a lot／a great deal／highly／well／ill of…（對……評價高／好／不好）；若問評價如何，覺得怎樣，常用what…think of…；若表示“以為，認為”時，則用think of…as。e．g．
①I can’t think of his name.我想不起他的名字。
②You mustn’t think of him as being irresponsible.你不要以為他是一個不負責任的人。
③She gained confidence in herself as she thought the matter over．她好好想了想這件事，對自己有了信心。
④He put his whole heart into thinking up ways to improve the quality of heir Products．他把全部心思都用來想辦法提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。
⑤His theory is so complicated that nobody can think it out．他的理論是那樣復雜，沒有一個人能把它搞清楚
in one’s seventies與in the seventies
in one’s seventies表示“在某人七十多歲的時候”，用于指年齡
in the seventies表達在70年代時，用于指時間。e．g．
Karl Marx began to learn English in his fifties.
卡爾•馬克思五十多歲的時候開始學英語。
搭配辨析 late，lately，later，latter，last，latest
late做副詞表示時間上的晚或遲。lately做副詞相當于recently，表示“最近，近來”之意，強調(diào)時間點，多用過去時，表示時間長度，多用完成時，但不可用于將來時態(tài)中。later做形容詞時，表示“以后的，后期的”；做副詞時表示“后來，較晚地”，還可與表示時間的名詞連用，表示“……之后”，用于過去和將來。latter用作形容詞，常與定冠詞the連用，表示列舉的兩個事物中的后面的一個，譯為“后者”，與 the former相對。last用作形容詞，表示“最后的”，與first相對；表示“剛過去的，上一次的”，與next根對；還可表示“最不可能的，最不合適的，最不愿意的”等意思。last做副詞表示“最后，最近，上一次”之意。latest是形容詞，它指時間的先后中“最近的，最新的”。e．g．
①His coat is the latest style．他的外套是最新款式。
②She has been in for the last three days．最近三天她一直在家。
③she is the last woman I expected to see．我萬萬沒想到會遇見她。
④I left the School last yesterday．我昨天是最后一個離開學校的。
⑤I haven’t written to her lately．最近我沒給她寫信。
⑥Of the two choices，I prefer the latter．在這兩個選擇中，我更喜歡后者。
⑦He came back ten days later．十天后，他回來了。
⑧He made no close friends during later years在以后的那些年里，他沒有交上什么親密的朋友。
⑨Her companion，blamed for the accident，had not been driving carefully.
她的同伴駕車一直不小心，事故得怪他。
搭配辨析blame與scold
blame表示“責怪，歸咎”，通常指內(nèi)心責怪。如果你覺得某人有不是的地方，你便在blame他，但他自己卻未必知道，因為它沒有用言語責罵之意；scold表示“數(shù)落，責罵”之意，但不是以臟話罵人，常用于“父母對孩子，妻子對丈夫，老師對學生等。e．g．
①I have nothing to blame myself for．我沒有什么可責怪自己。
②The parents scolded him severely for lying to them．他因?qū)Ω改赣H說謊而遭嚴厲責罵。
搭配辨析answer與 reply
這兩個詞均有“回答，答復”之意。answer不僅用于回答問題，還用于對書信、電話、行動、門鈴及攻擊行為或質(zhì)問的回答，是一般常用詞。reply正式用語，常用于對人、書信、議論、忠告、見解等的回答，與answer�？赏ㄓ�。但reply常指經(jīng)過考慮答復對方的問題或論點。
①There’s another knock．I’ll go and answer the door． 又有人敲門，我去開門。
②I asked her the reason，but she didn’t reply． 我問她為什么，她卻不回答。
搭配辨析for sale與 on sale
這兩個詞都有“出售”之意。for sale常指個人所有物出售、待售；on ssle常作形容詞短語，表示物品出售。上市，也可用作形容詞或副詞,表“廉價出售的／地／特價的／地”。e．g．
① He put his car for sale． 他把汽車拿出來賣。
② They sell eggs on today. 今天那家店雞蛋大減價。
③ Kinds of fresh fruit are on sale. 新鮮水果上市了。
語法學習中應注意的問題
1. 1) -ing形式的一般式表示性質(zhì)、主動，而及物動詞的過去分詞則表狀態(tài)、被動。
例 ①a．The work was tiring. 這工作挺累的。
b．The workers were soon tired． 工人們很快就累了。
a．-lng形式作表語表示主語（物）的性質(zhì)。 b. 過去分詞作表語表示主語（人）的狀態(tài)。
②a．It was a piece of exciting news. 這是一個令人激動的消息。
b. The excited old man drank a lot that night．（定語） 激動的老人那晚喝了很多酒。
a. －ing 形式作定語表示后面名詞的性質(zhì)。 b. 過去分詞作定語表示后面名詞的性質(zhì)。
③a. He had the horse running more than 100 miles 他讓馬奔跑了一百多英里。
b．I’ll have the letter typed immediately. 我會馬上找人把這封信打出來。
a．－ing形式作賓語補足語與賓語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系。
b．過去分詞作賓語補足語與賓語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。
2). 表主動含義時，名詞前作定語的-ing形式表示進行，過去分詞表示完成。
例：①a．France Is a developed country． 法國是一個發(fā)達的國家。
b.China is a developing country• 中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。
②a. a changed world已經(jīng)變化的世界。 b. a changing world正在變化的世界。
③a. the risen sun已經(jīng)升起的太陽。 b. the rising sun正在升起太陽。
3). 過去分詞短語和-ing 短語及不定式短語作后置定語的區(qū)別
a．過去分詞作定語，表示動作發(fā)生的時間早于謂語動詞，或者沒有一定的時間性，只表被動關(guān)系；而-ing形式作后置定語則表示正在進行的動作或狀態(tài)；如動作發(fā)生在將來，用動詞不定式作定語。
例：①I don’t like to see letters written in pencil．
我不喜歡看用鉛筆寫的信。（只表被動，無時間性）
②This is the building built last year．這是去年建的樓房。（被動，完成）
③The building being built there is our lab．
那里正建的那幢建筑物是我們的實驗室。（正在進行）
④They have designed a building to be built next year．
他們已設計了一幢明年要建的樓房。（將來）
b表被動含義時，瞬時動詞不能用-ing 進行式的被動語態(tài)，應使用過去分詞。
例：①most of the people being invited to the party were famous scientists. (Ⅹ)
②Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists．(√)
多數(shù)應邀參加晚會的人都是著名的科學家。
c．-ing完成時的被動語態(tài)不能用作定語，表被動含義時用過去分詞。
例：①We enjoy seeing the films having been directed by Charlie Chaplin．(Ⅹ)
②We enjoy seeing the films directed by Charlie Chaplin．(√)
我們喜歡看卓別林導演的電影。
2. 過去分詞和不定式作賓語補足語
不定式作賓語補足語與賓語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，過去分詞作賓語補足語與賓語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。
例：①When we talk with others，we make ourselves understood not just by words.
②When we talk With others，we make them understand us not just by words．
我們與人交談時，不只是通過語言讓人們理解我們的意思。
3. 過去分詞的邏輯主語
作狀語用的過去分詞，其邏輯主語應與名詞中的主語一致。
例：①Seen from the hill, we find the village very small. (Ⅹ)
②Seen from the hill，the village looks very small．(√)
我們?nèi)绻谏缴峡矗ㄎ覀儯⿻l(fā)現(xiàn)村子很小。
高考熱點
以下是歷年高考題中的過去分詞試題，請總結(jié)有關(guān)過去分詞的考點。
l．The managers discussed the plan that they
would like to see the next year．（NMET 2000）
A．carry out B．carrying out C．carried out D．to carry out
分析: 例1的答案為C。此句中包含一個定語從句，the plan是定語從句的先行詞，將其放到定語從句中構(gòu)成 they would like to see the plan ____（carry out）。the plan與 carry out構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用 carried out。
小結(jié): 此題測試的是過去分詞作賓補。過去分詞作賓補時，它所表示的動作對象是前面的賓語，與其構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。
2．Most of the artists to the party were ____ from South Africa．
A．invited B．to invited
C．being invited D．had been invited（NMET90）
3．The first textbooks________for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century．
A．having written B．to be written
C．being written D．written (NMET94)
4．The Olympic Games，____ in 776B.C.，did not include women players until 1912．
A first played B．to be first played
C first playing D．to be first playing （NMET97）
分析:例2的答案為 A。例3的答案為 D。此兩題都是前面的名詞與動詞之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，作后置定語�？勺�?yōu)橄拗菩远ㄕZ從句，who were invited…；that were written…。例4的答案為 A.名詞 the Olympic Games與動詞 play之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，也作后置定語，可變?yōu)榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句 which were first played…。
小結(jié):以上三個小題測試的是過去分詞作后置定語。過去分詞作定語通常表示被動含義，同時還表示這個分詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。
5．____more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given (NMET 90)
6． ____ in thought，he almost ran Into the car in front of him．
A、Losing B．Having lost C．Lost D．Lose（NMET96）
分析：例 5的答案為 A。主句的主語the trees與動詞give之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。此題過去分詞作了條件狀語�？筛臑� If the trees had been given more attention…. 例 6的答案為C。把此句還原后是As he was lost in thought, he …lost
小結(jié)：以上兩題測試的是過去分詞作狀語。過去分詞作狀語時，表示名詞與動詞之間是被動關(guān)系，一般強調(diào)分詞所發(fā)生的動作在謂語動作之前發(fā)生.
7．Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour. （NMET’98）
A．pay B. paying C．paid D．to pay
分析：此題的答案為C。此題旨在考查“get十過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的 get可以用be代替。后跟過去分詞作表語，含有被動含義，多用于強調(diào)結(jié)果或表示不期而遇和偶然發(fā)生的事。類似的短語還有g(shù)et broken；get hurt; get married; get caught等。
小結(jié)：此題測試的是過去分詞作表語。過去分詞作表語時表達被動含義，即句子的主句是這個過去分詞所表示動作的承受者。
從以上分析可以看出，在做與分詞有關(guān)的試題時，一定要考慮動詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系，是主動關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，是被動關(guān)系用過去分詞。
正誤辨析：
1.我昨天在醫(yī)院拔了一顆牙。
誤：I pulled out a tooth yesterday． 正：I had a tooth pulled out yesterday．
分析：“拔牙”動作非自己所為，“請別人做某事”應用
have sth. done 結(jié)構(gòu)。又如： l had my eyes examined yesterday．
Have sth. done 還有 “遭遇（不幸）”之意。如He had his hands burned．
2. 高先生主管那所醫(yī)院。
誤：Mr Gao is in the charge of the hospital．
正：Mr Gao is in charge of the the hospital．
分析：in charge of 表示 主管，負責（某 事），而 in thecharge of 表示 “在……主管之下”。 如：The hospital is in the charge of Mr. Gao．
3．他過去是一個經(jīng)理。
誤：He would be a manager，
正：He used to be a manager．
分析：would和 used to都可表示“過去常常發(fā)生的動作”，后接動作動詞。如：
He used to／would go fishing in the lake. 但 would 后面不能接表認識、狀態(tài)的動詞，而used
to 可以。如： My elder brother used to be a sailor．
4．我建議引進更多的設備。
誤：I suggest to bring in more equipments．
正：I suggest bringing in more equipment．
分析：suggest要求后面接動名詞作賓語。equipment為不可數(shù)名詞。
5．《我心永恒》這首歌很受年輕人歡迎。
誤：The song “My heart will go on” is popular to the young people．
正：The song “My heart will go on” is popular with the young people．
分析：be popular with表示“受……的歡迎”。
Lesson 17教學設計方案
Step 1 .Presentation
Ask questions like these:
Where can you find advertisements? Why do companies advertise?
Do you watch advertisements on TV? Which are your favorite advertisements?
Put any useful notes and key words that arise out of this discussion on the Bb.
Step 2.Dialogue
(I.) Listening (Say to the class, “Now, we are going to listen to a discussion about an advertisement. It is a little bit long, so I’ll play the tape twice with only two questions.”)
Questions:
1. What is the advertisement for?
A. a camera B. a computer C. a typewriter (Key: B)
2. What will the ad be like?
A. humorous B. serious C.exciting (Key: A)
(II.) Reading
1. Ask the students to read the dialogue again, checking the answers. Then ask:
“What suggestion seems to be the final decision?”
(Key: Bob’s suggestion: Put comments of the customers’ at the top of the ad in big print and bring in some humor.
2. Say to the students, “In this dialogue we should learn how to express opinions: agreement or disagreement. Read the dialogue quickly again and I’m sure you can find several such expressions.”
( The students are sure to find these expressions. The teacher should praise them, encourage them to think of more and put the expressions down on the Bb. Also, the teacher should remind the students which are indirect and polite ways and which are direct.
Agreement:
1. I think it would be a good idea to do…
2. I agree with…
3. That’s true/ right.
4. Good idea!/ That’s great!/ Why not!/ Exactly!
Disagreement:
1. I’m afraid I can’t agree with you.
2. Sorry, I don’t think so.
3. Do you (really ) think so?/ Do you think…?
4. I don’t agree (with …).
5. I don’t think you are right.
Step3.Fill in blanks.
1.Do you think managers want to read what users think about a new piece of office equipment.
2.That’s a good way of giving information,but it’s not a good way of persuading people. For one thing, it’s boring, and people aren’t going to read an ad that looks boring.For another thing,one computer looks very like another.People aren’t going to remember the name of the product.
3.So what exactly are you suggesting?
4.Then we can put their comments at the top of te advertisement in big print.We can bring in some humour too. People enjoy reading humorous ads.
I’ll ask the company for a list of recent customers.
Step4.languag points:
1.I think it would be a good idea to have comments from secretaries and typists who are already using it 我想聽聽用過它的秘書打字員的評論是個好主意。
(1)句中的 have comment from…表達“聽取…的意見／評價”，相當于listen to the views／opinions of…，from 接人，表聽取別人的意見。e．g．
You‘d better have comments from your teachers and classmates．你最好聽聽你的老師和同學們的意見。
(2) 這個句子是委婉地提出建議的交際英語。句中would是will的過去式，但在此句型中并不表示過去，而是用來代替一般現(xiàn)在時，在說話人提出建議時為了把話說得委婉一點、含糊一點，實際是一種虛擬語氣e.g
---- I’m afraid I’m putting on weight．我恐怕發(fā)胖了.
------I think it would be a good idea to keep on doing morning exercises. 我認為堅持鍛煉是個好主意。
2.comment可用作動詞，表達“批評，評論”之意。
①comment on／upon／about 對……作出評論，e．g．
The critics commented favorably on his new book.評論家們對于他的新書給予好評。
另外, 對別人的提問、詢問不想回答、不愿回答時，通常用 No comment（無可奉告）
2. We can bring in some humor too.我們還可以插進一點幽默的話。
這句中的 bring in意為“介紹，引進，還進”，相當于 introduce。bring in 帶可表達“搬進，收獲，掙得，逮捕”之意, in為副詞。e．g．
①Bring in the washing ; it looks like rain.把洗好的衣服收進來，好像要下雨了。
②He brings in an extra hundred dollars a month from his new job．
他的新工作使他每個月多賺100美元。
③The farmers are bringing in apples.農(nóng)民正在收蘋果。
3.advertise:to make sth known to the public.(v.)
advertising(n): the business which concerns itself with making known to the public.
Advertisement(n)=ad: a notice for something for sale.
We should advertise for someone to look after the garden.
Step 5. SB Page 25 Part 2 Practice
The aim of this activity is to give students an oportunity to have a free discussion and to practise oral fluency. Go through the questions with the students. And then ask them to do group work.. When the students are working together, the teacher should go up and down among the students and give them any possible help. Make sure each student has a chance to show his/ her opinions.
Step6 Workbook
Wb Lesson 17, Exx 1 and 2
Ss have to revise the dialogue in Lesson 17 before they do Ex.1. Allow them a few minutes to go through the passage and fill in the blanks with the proper words. Then call out some of them to read aloud the passage and correct the mistakes if there are any.
Ex. 2 can either be done at the end of the class or as a follow-up of SB page 25, Part 2.
Homework:
1. Finish off the Wb exercises. 2. make up a similar dialogue to show one’s opinion.
Lesson 18教學設計方案
Step 1 Revision
1. Check the exercises in Wb. 2. Check the new dialogue.
Step 2 Presentation
[ Say to the students: “Actually we are familiar with the Chinese word “廣告（advertisement）“. It seems that they are around us everywhere. Now, read the passage and then answer the following questions in pairs. “ ]
Read aloud the questions at the top of the passage. Allow the students enough time to read the text and find the answers. Put them in pairs to discuss their answers, then collect the answers from the class. (1. It makes a product cheaper. 2. Five.)
Step3. Reading
I. Reading comprehension
1. The author thinks that advertisements ________.
A. are welcome by everybody
B. will increase the cost of products
C. have bad influence on people
D. can win more customers for a company (Key: D)
2. In Paragraph 1, which word does the writer use to express his idea that advertising is common?
A. Developed. B. Popular.
C. Proved. D. Increase. (Key: B)
3. According to the text, advertisements may be used in ________
A. everything B election
C. scientific research D. education (Key: B)
4. How many means of advertising are mentioned in the text?
A. 7. B. 9. 11. C. 13. (Key: C)
5. Which paragraph talks about the purpose of advertising?
A. Paragraph 1. B. Paragraph 2.
C. Paragraph 3. D. Paragraphs 4 and 5. (Key: A)
6. When an advertising company makes advertisements, which happens first?
A. Having a meeting. B. Collecting information.
C. Writing a text. D. Designing the advertisements. (Key: B)
7. What does “interview” mean in the last paragraph?
A. See. B. Select. C. Visit. D. Ask questions.
(Key: D)
8. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?
A. Only a few things can be advertised.
B. It is difficult to use printed things for advertisements.
C. Political advertisements can only be seen in USA.
D. Advertisements are everywhere for so many things. (Key: D)
9. How many steps are there in making an advertisement?
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7. (Key: D)
10. When the advertisement is ready, it is shown only to a part of the country as a (an)
A. review B. test C. performance D. interview (Key: B)
II.. Group work
Divide the class into six groups. One of them is responsible for the structure of the text and each of the others is responsible for one of the five paragraphs. (Although the passage is not a long one, the language is plain enough for most of the students to deal with it easily. So just leave the students the tasks like analyzing the structure of the text, finding out the main ideas of the text and each paragraph, pick out the grammar items and useful expressions, so on and so forth. And this is a very good chance for the students to practice the reading skills they have learnt to deal with reading materials.) The teacher just goes around the class and gives any necessary help to the students.
Notes: 1. The title of the text and the first sentence of each paragraph( Paragraph 4 and 5 talk about the same thing.) are the subject word and subject sentences. The students are supposed to be aware of that and point it out. If they can’t, the teacher is sure to remind them of that.
2. There are several places where –ing and –ed words are used. The students may not pay enough attention to them so the teacher should point them out and encourage the students to think about their usage. For example:
a. advertisement --- advertising (n.),
b. …… repeated advertising increases……
c. ……, using pictures of photographs ……
3. When a student is talking about a paragraph, the teacher should not interrupt but listen. No matter in which language the student is speaking, the teacher just gives him or her encouragement. If one student cannot express herself or himself, another one can give some supplement
Step4. Fill in blanks:
1. Adevertising is a highly developed twentieth-centry industry.
2.Is it a waste of money? It has been proved again and again that repeated advertsing increases product sales.
3.USA political leaders often use recorded TV advertisements to persuade people to vote for them .
4.A sign outside or inside a shop is a form of advertising.Baloons and light aeroplanes can be used to pull huge signs as they fly slowly over a city.
5.Also present will be a person who thinks up an idea for an advertisement, and a person who will buy space in newspapers or time on TV.
6.They may try it out in a small part of the country to see the result.
7.If the advertising fails , having no effect on sales, the whole programme will be reviewed.
Step 5.language points:
1．The development of radio,television，cinema，magazines and newspapers has gone hand in hand with development of advertising．無線電、電視、電影、雜志和報紙的發(fā)展同廣告業(yè)的發(fā)展是齊頭并進的。
句中的 go hand in hand with表示“與……密切相關(guān)”，相當于go together with，其中 go with表示“相配，隨……而來”之意。hand in hand為副詞短語，表示“手牽著手，密切聯(lián)系，和……一道”之意，后面常加介詞with，再加名詞。e．g．
①Money doesn’t always go hand in hand with happiness．金錢并不總是同幸福密切相關(guān)。
②Ignorance and poverty often go hand in hand．愚昧和貧窮總是緊密地聯(lián)結(jié)在一起。
③I have no tapes to go with the book．我沒有這本書配套的磁帶。
④Hand in hand with reading，he has developing the habit of making notes．在閱讀的同時，他養(yǎng)成了做筆記的習慣。
2.There have been major changes in advertising in the past sixty years．
在過去的 60年中，廣告業(yè)有了一些重大的發(fā)展。
時間狀語in the past sixty years與完成時連用，in the past＝during the last。例如：
In the past three days，they have had six examinations．三天來．他們進行了六次考試。
No one has been（come）here in the past week．一個星期以來，沒人來過這里。
3. Mail or gifts posted by companies to customers is another way of advertising．公司給顧客寄去的郵件或禮品又是一種廣告方式。
4.express后可用oneself 作賓語，表示“表達自己的意思（思想）感情等”。e．g．
He is still unable to express himself．他還是不能表達清楚自己的意思。
(3)express還可用作形容詞，表示“快遞的，明確的，特別的，直達的”等意思。e．g．
①This is an express train．這是快車。
②She flew to London for the express purpose of seeing her son她為了探望兒子而特地飛往倫敦。
③This is an express letter for you．你的快信。
④He has never given express orders.他從未下過明確的命令。
5.Also present will be a person who thinks up an idea for an advertisement，
…出席會議的人還有廣告的策劃者，……
1)這是一個倒裝句，其正常語序為：
A person who thinks up an idea for an advertisement will also be present…
因本句中的主語 a person后有定語從句修飾，使主謂之間的間隔太長，因而倒裝，表語提至句首避免頭重腳輕。
表語提至句首倒裝的句型有兩種：(1)表語+連系動詞+名詞主語+其他；（2）表語+代詞主語+連系動詞+其他。e．g．
①A very honorable man he is．他是個非�？删吹娜恕�
②Standing against the wall are the umbrellas that have just been made．靠墻放著的是剛剛制出的雨傘。
2)句中的think up為動副（動詞十副詞）結(jié)構(gòu)的短語，表達“想出，設計，構(gòu)思，虛構(gòu)”之意，相當于invent，imagine。e．g．
Delighted, the girls thought up many good ideas．姑娘們一高興，想出很多好主意。
The prisoners tried to think up a plan for escape．囚犯企圖擬出一個逃跑計劃。
6.Isn’t it time you made someone’s life a bit easier？
你難道不早該讓某些人的生活過得更舒服些嗎？
It’s time sb．did sth．“是某人早該干某事的時候了�！�
It’s time we had our supper.我們早就該吃晚飯了。
Is It time you got things ready？是你把一切準備好的時候了？
Step 6. Note making
SB Page 27 Part 2 Putting down some key words is enough. This part can be done very quickly.
Step 5. An advertisement
SB Page 27 Part 3( Also, an easy exercise. Pass it quickly.)
Step6. Homework:
1. Recite paragraph 4. 2. Try to design an advertisement.
Lesson 19教學設計方案
ADVERTISING(2)
StepI.Reading Comprehension:(give the students 7 to 8 minutes to finish the exercises.)
1. According to the text, most people read advertisements for: .
A. knowledge B. fun
C. killing time D. both information and fun (Key: D)
2. Why do most advertisements begin with a question?
A. Because nobody knows the answer.
B. Because a question can make an advertisement funny.
C. Because readers will be interested in finding out the answer.
D. Because a question will win more customers for a company. (Key: C)
3. What is very important in an advertisement?
A. A question. B. Information.
C. Humor. D. A story. (Key: C)
4. What is one of the dangers of a series of advertisements?
A. Readers will be tired of reading too many texts.
B. Readers will lose patience.
C. Readers will forget the name of the product.
D. Readers will forget the advertisement. (Key: C)
5. What may turn a good advertisement into a bad one?
A. A question. B. A story.
C. Bad translation. D. The expensive price of the product (Key: C).
StepII.lanuage points:
1.What make a good advertisement？怎樣才能使廣告做得好呢9
句中的make是及物動詞，作“（有條件）成為”解。原句相當于：What makes an advertisement a good one？
又如：Cold tea makes a good drink in summer．冷茶是夏季很好的飲料。
2.Nobody bought he product，however，because when translated it meant “X puts living things into dry hair”
然而，誰也不來買這個產(chǎn)品，因為原句經(jīng)過翻譯之后，意思變成了“X使干發(fā)生蟲�！�
句中的 when translated＝when it was translated，相當于一個時間狀語從句。
當從句的主語和主句的主語一致時，我們可將從句的主語和部分謂語動詞省略，而采用分詞的形式. 如：I won’t go unless Invited．（=…unless am invited．）如果沒有邀請，我就不去了。
If playing all day，you’ll learn nothing．如果整天玩，你什么也學不到。
當從句是由引導詞 十 it is/it was＋adj．這一結(jié)構(gòu)時，可將it is或 it was省略，類似的說法有 when necessary，when possible，if necessary，it possible等。
又如：This difficulty must be avoided if possible．
If necessary，we’ll try our best to help you．（＝If it is necessary，…）如果需要，我們將盡力幫助你們
3. Is it a waste of money？廣告是不是浪費錢呢？
句中的waste是不可數(shù)名詞，但它表示一種浪費時，可與不定冠詞a連用，用成 It is waste of time／money／breath／energy／speech to do sth.。e.g.
①It’s a waste of breath to talk to him．和他交談自費口舌。
②It’s a waste of time to wait any longer．再等下去是白費時間。
4.A company that sold hair cream wanted to say“ x puts life into dry hair”
一家賣發(fā)蠟的公司本來是想說：“X使干發(fā)生輝�！�
句中的put…into的直接意思是“把……放入”，隨著put后面所接名詞的不同，含義異常靈活。
①put life into the dry hair（life為生命力、活力）使干發(fā)生輝。
②put living things into the dry hair（living things為有生命的東西）使干頭發(fā)生蟲。
5.Sometimes advertisements tell a story，or the story may be continued over a number of advertisements. 有時廣告述說一個故事，或者這個故事在今后的一系列廣告中連載。
句中的over為介詞，在此處指時間，意為“在……中度過一段時間”。e．g．
① These apples will keep over the winter 可以把這些蘋果一直保存到冬天以后。
② He has made great progress in his studies over the past two years．在過去的兩年里，他在學業(yè)上取得了很大進步。
6. We had the idea tried out. 這個觀點已驗證過了。
這句的句式 have the idea tried out為過去分詞 tried out做復合賓補。這句式常用在have／get／make／keep等動詞后面，意思是“把／讓某人某物怎么樣”。過去分詞做復合賓語時與句子的賓語存在著邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。e．g
① We shall have your luggage fetched from the airport． 我們將派人去機場把你的行李取回。
② He’s going to have a new advertisement filmed. 他準備馬上叫人拍一份新廣告。
教學設計示例
聽力閱讀教案
I.Listening:
Advertising:Three people,Harry,Jenny and Brian, are discussing their advertising plans for a new product.
H=Harry B=Brian J=jenny
H: So,how much money have we got to spend?
B:Seven hundred and fifty thousand pounds. Jenny, what do you suggest?
J:I suggest that we use mainly TV, cinema and print.
B: I see,Magazines and newspapes. Can you give us your reasons?
J: Sure. First, our product looks good. So it would be a waste of money to use radio. Second, our product moves well,and it moves fast.So I want people to see it on the roads in our ads,going through the hills, that kind of thing.
B: What about advertising boards?
J:No.I prefer magazines and newspapers,and we haven’t got the money to do all three.So people will see the ad on TV and in the cinema.Then they’ll be able to read all about it when they’re sitting down, reading their newspapers and magazines.
H: I get the idea.Then customers can read the detailed product information and check the prices.
J: Exactly.
H:So no advertising boards. When do you want the advertising to start,Brian?
B:May the 1st.That gives us three months to run to August 1st when most people like to buy their new cars.
J:I see.So we’re talking about three months. And have you thought of a headline?
H: What about this one? “The new Century505 ----the car you always promised yourself.”
II.Reading comprehension.
A
A man once said how useless it was to put advertisements in the newspapers. “Last week,” said he, “my umbrella was stolen from a London Church. As it was a present, I spent twice its worth in advertising, but didn’t get it back.”
“How did you write your advertisement?” asked one of the listeners, a merchant.
“Here it is,” said the man, taking out of his pocket a slip cut from a newspaper. The other man took it and read. “ Lost from the City Church last Sunday evening, a black silk umbrella. The gentleman who finds it will receive ten shillings on leaving it at No. 10 Broad Street.”
“Now,” said the merchant, “I often advertise, and find that it pays me well. But the way in which an advertisement is expressed is of great importance. Let us try for your umbrella again, and if it fails, I’ll buy you a new one.” The merchant then took a slip of paper out of his pocket and wrote. “If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening doesn’t wish to get into trouble, he will return the umbrella to No. 10 Broad Street. He is well known.”
This appeared in the paper, and on the following morning, the man was astonished when he opened the front door. In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colours that had been thrown in, and his own was among them. Many of them had notes fastened to them saying that they had been taken by mistake, and begging the loser not to say anything about the matter.
1. The result of the first advertisement was that ______
A. the man got his umbrella back
B. the man wasted some money advertising
C. nobody found the missing umbrella
D. the umbrella was found somewhere near the Church
(Key:B)
2. “If it fails, I’ll buy you a new one .” suggested that____.
A. he was quite sure of success
B. he was not sure whether he would get the umbrella hack
C. he was rich enough to afford a new umbrella
D. he did not know what to do (Key:A)
3. This is a story about _____
A. a useless advertisement
B. how to make an effective advertisement
C. how the man lost and found his umbrella
D. what the merchant did for the umbrella owner
(Key:B)
B
Fucheng Garden Villas is situated along the North 4th Ring Road, just 2 kilometres east away from the Asian Games Village with easy traffic connection. It is 5 kilometres from the Beijing Lufthansa Centre.
Fucheng Garden Villas occupies an area of 34.7 hectares (公頃) , over 80% of which is covered by trees and greens, just like a garden in the city.
All the 108 villas were designed by American Company IDI , in American style , luxurious besides comfortable.
All materials of the construction and decoration(裝飾) as well as equipment are famous American products.
From now to July 31st , preferential(優(yōu)惠) prices for sale and rent are offered. You can move into Fucheng Garden villas on signing an agreement.
Banks will provide a 50 % mortgage (抵押) for 5 years.
Overseas sales License: No. 124
Developer: Beijing Hongda. Real Estate Co. ltd
69 East, North 4th Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing
Tel: (8610)64967050 64967049
Fax: (8610) 64933575
1 . The advertiser is _______
A. Fucheng Garden Villas.
B. Beijing Hongda Rea Estate Co. , Ltd
C. American Company ID!
D. The Beijing Lufthansa. (Key: B)
2. How many hectares is Fucheng Garden Villas covered by trees and greens?
A.6.94. B.27.76. C.34.7. D.80. (Key: B)
3. According to the advertisement, which of the statements below is NOT true?
A. From June 25 to July 31, 1997, you can buy or rent Fucheng Garden Villas with a low price.
B. You can’t move into Fueheng Garden Villas before signing agreements.
C. If you haven’t got enough money at the moment, you can’t buy the Villa.
D. Not only equipment but also all materials of the construction and decoration are made in America. (Key: C)
(A篇閱讀詼諧幽默，B篇閱讀關(guān)于樓盤銷售，很有時尚感。建議教師選用)
教學設計示例
習題課教案
（整個練習緊扣課文內(nèi)容及知識點，建議教師選用）
I.單項填空: 從A,B,C,D 四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案.
1. We have ____ in the local newspaper for new secretary, but we haven’t had any replies yet.
A. advised B. advertised C. announced D. noticed (Key:B)
2.---- Wokers in this company are not doing their duties.
---- Advanced ways of management must be____ to make things better.
A. brought down B. brought in
C. brought on D. brought up (Key:B)
3. I don’t wait to buy the coat. For ______ thing I don’t like the colour, and for ______, the price is too___.
A. one; another; high B. a; the other; expensive
C. one; another; expensive D. one; other; low
(Key:A)
4.---- She is very tired.
---- So she is. She ___ letters all day.
A. is typing B. was typing
C. has typed D. has been typing (Key:D)
5. They suggested that the doctor ____ be sent for at once.
A. referred to B. referred
C. refer to D. referring to (Key:A)
6.----Are there any English storybooks for us students in the library?
----There are only a few _____
A. if some B. if any C. if many . D. if ever (Key:B)
7. Once you have made a promise, you must ____.
A. carry it on B. carry it out
C . keep it up . D. get it through (Key:A)
8.---- Why is he so ______?
---- He’s just had some photos taken of himself with a______ actor.
A .excited ; handsome B.exciting ; beautiful
C.disappointed ; handsom D. disappointing; pretty (Key:A).
9. It’s a good way for us to memorize new words by seeing them _______.
A . proper1y B .repeated1y
C . clearly D . usually (Key:B)
10.. The scientists ______ thousands of chemicals before they found the right one.
A. were trying out B. had tried on
C. have tried on D. had tried out (Key:D)
11. ______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded B.It was founded
C. Founded D. Founding (Key:C)
12. The 1ong-1asting meeting, filled with arguments and quarrels, ended in disorder, ______ no conclusion.
A. reached B. to reach C. reaching D. would reach (Key:C)
13. _____ , people don’t feel it hard to live through the winter.
A. Supplied all kinds of vegetables
B. All kinds of vegetables supplied with
C. All kinds of vegetables supplied
D. Supplying all kinds of vegetables(Key:C)
II.完形填空：
At the time when Bill and Rose married, neither of them had much money. So they were 31 to buy a house or flat. For the first years of their 32 life, they, therefore, 33 in rented (租憑的) flats. Then Bill’s father died and 34 him some money, so they bought a house. When they moved into it for the first time, one of Bill’s 35 sent him a bottle of wine as a present to celebrate his entry (住進) into the first house he had owned. Bill and Rose had a lot of work to do, getting their things 36 , arranging the furniture, getting curtains and all the rest, so they 37 about the bottle of wine. In fact, they 38 it away in a cupboard without even unpacking (拿出) it. Bill and Rose already had two 39 when they moved into their new house, and a few months later, the third was born. When Rose came home from the 40 with the baby. Bill 41 some friends round to 42 its arrival, and they had a wonderful 43 , with plenty to eat and to drink. After the party had been on for some time, however, Bill found that the wine was 44 . 45 , he remembered the bottle which his friend had given him when they had moved into the new house and which was still lying unpacked in a 46 somewhere in the house. He found it with some difficulty and 47 it into the living-room where his 48 were sitting. When he had unwrapped the bottle, he saw a card tied to it, so he took it and read it 49 to others. 50 said “Bill, take good care of this one—it is the first one that is really yours.”
31. A. unable B. trying C. advised D. expected
[解析]文章說“他們剛結(jié)婚時誰也沒錢”，因此買房子是不可能的，根據(jù)意思選擇unable。
答案：A
32. A. happy B. married C. sad D. bitter
[解析]文章沒有提起他們的生活如何，所以，描繪生活好壞的詞語應加以排除。
答案：B
33. A. moved B. succeeded C. lived D. gave 答案：C
34. A. carried B. brought C. sent D. left
[解析] “l(fā)eave him some money”, “給他留了一筆錢”。 答案：D
35. A. nieces B. workers C. friends D. classmates 答案：C
36. A. unpacked B. prepared C. tied D. sold
[解析]由下文“In fact, they put it away in a cupboard without even unpacking it.” 可知。答案：A
37. A. forgot B. thought C. looked D. cared 答案：A
38. A. sent B. put C. took D. kept
[解析]put away“收拾好”，take away“拿走”。 答案：B
39. A. fathers B. daughters C. children D. dogs
答案：C
40. A. prison B. police station C. shop D. hospital
[解析]根據(jù)意思推測，剛生完孩子，應該從醫(yī)院歸來。 答案：D
41. A. demanded B. expected C. invited D. wished
[解析]好事應該予以慶賀，邀請別人來，體現(xiàn)了當時愉快的心情。
答案：C
42. A. join in B. celebrate C. attend D. drank 答案：B
43. A. party B. time C. day D. rest [解析]由下文可知。
答案：A
44. A. served B. finished C. prepared D. bought
[解析]就是因為酒已喝完，才想起朋友送來的那瓶酒。答案：B
45. A. And B. Therefore C. Luckily D. Although 答案：C
46. A. cupboard B. box C. table D. living-room 答案：A
47. A. sent B. brought C. fetched D. led
[解析] brought 指帶客人們到吃飯的地方。答案：B
48. A. family B. wife C. guests D. workers 答案：C
49. A. silent B. loud C. aloud D. calm
[解析]在此只有aloud, loud為副詞