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考研輔導(dǎo)：英語寫作之重點(diǎn)話題與句型（3）
重點(diǎn)話題與句型（三）
---描述圖畫或圖表的常用句型：
1. As can be clearly seen from the picture, …. 從這張畫中可以清楚地看到，…
譯：從這張畫中可以清楚地看到，隨著國(guó)際文化交流的增加，越來越多的外國(guó)人渴望訪問中國(guó)。
As can be clearly seen from the picture, with the increase in cultural exchange among countries, an increasing number of foreigners are eager to visit China.
2. As is shown above，… 正如上面所示，…
譯：正如上面所示，有兩幅漫畫描述了兩種完全不同的情景。一幅描繪了人們?cè)谂ぷ�，而另一幅暗示了懶惰�?dǎo)致失敗。
As is shown above, there are two cartoons presenting two quite different situations. One depicts people who are working hard, while the other implies that laziness results in failure.
3. What a vivid picture it is! It tells us that… 這是一幅多么生動(dòng)形象的畫��！它告訴我們…
譯：這是一幅多么生動(dòng)的畫�。∷嬖V我們，愛就像一盞在黑暗中的油燈, 它照亮了人們的心靈。
What a vivid picture it is! It tells us that love is just like an oil lamp in the dark, which lightens people’s hearts.
4. According to the statistics given in the table, … 根據(jù)表中所給的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字，…
譯：根據(jù)表中所給的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字，最近5年來旅游者的人數(shù)大大增加，2002年達(dá)到80,000,000人。
According to the statistics given in the table, the number of tourists has grown greatly, 80,000,000 people in 2002.
5. It can be seen from the statistics （or picture） that … 從這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字（或這張圖畫）中可以看到，…
譯：從這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字（或這張圖畫）中可以看到，隨著城市中汽車數(shù)量的不斷增加,空氣污染和噪音已經(jīng)成為威脅城市居民生存的主要公害（public hazards）。
It can be seen from the statistics （or picture） that with the rapid increase in the number of cars, air pollution and noise have become the main public hazards threatening the survival of city residents.
6. It is generally believed （或accepted, thought, held） that … 人們普遍認(rèn)為，…
譯：人們普遍認(rèn)為，各國(guó)政府應(yīng)該采取有力措施來保護(hù)森林資源。
It is generally believed that the governments of all countries should take effective measures to protect forest resources.
7. The picture is thought-provoking, … 這幅畫發(fā)人深省，…
譯：這幅畫是發(fā)人深省的，它所說明的是我們今天社會(huì)普遍存在的一種現(xiàn)象。
The picture is thought-provoking, and what it illustrates is a common phenomenon in our society today.
8. What the drawing describes implies that …… 這張圖畫所描述的內(nèi)容暗示了，…
譯：這張圖畫所描述的內(nèi)容暗示了，我們應(yīng)該經(jīng)得住失敗的考驗(yàn)。
What the drawing describes implies that we should withstand the test of failure.
---關(guān)于比較、利弊、優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的句型:
1. S + have （or has） a lot of advantages over... （與...相比有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)）
2. Compared with …, sb./sth. has/have the advantage of … （有… 方面的長(zhǎng)處；... 的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是 …）
3. be of great benefit to sb./sth. （對(duì)... 有益）
4. benefit sb/sth. （對(duì)...有好處）
benefit from sth. （由于...而受益）
5. do （a lot of） good to sb. （對(duì)... 有許多好處）
be good for sb./sth. （對(duì)... 有益）
do damage to sth./damage sth. （對(duì)... 造成損壞）
do harm to sth./harm sth./endanger sth. （對(duì)... 有害處）
6. be as （not so） good/great as...
7. not so much ...as... （與其說...,不如說...）
---說明原因的句型:
1. There are two/some good reasons for sth./to do sth. …
生活條件改變的原因有兩條。首先，我們一直在貫徹執(zhí)行改革開放政策。其次，我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)在迅速發(fā)展并且出生率得到了控制。
There are two reasons for the changes in people's living conditions. First, we have been carrying out an opening and reform policy. Second, our national economy is developing rapidly and the birth rate has been under control. .
2． We have two good reasons for/against ...
我們有兩條充分理由反對(duì)工業(yè)不受控制的發(fā)展。
We have two good reasons against the uncontrolled development of industry.
3. The reason for...is that + 從句
我們支持“希望工程”的原因是, 許多貧困地區(qū)的兒童付不起繼續(xù)學(xué)業(yè)的各種費(fèi)用。
The reason for us to support the “Project Hope” is that many children in poor areas can not shoulder different kinds of expenses to continue with their schooling.
--- 關(guān)于因果關(guān)系的句型:
物價(jià)上升的原因是需求的增加。
The cause of （=reason for） higher prices was an increase in demand.
或: Because the demand has increased, the prices are higher.
或: An increase in demand results in higher prices.
或: The demand has increased. As a result, the prices are higher.
或: If there is an increase in demand, then prices rise
譯：他們?nèi)〉玫某晒怯捎谒麄兊目炭嗯�。What they have achieved results from their hard（=painstaking） work.
--表示不同看法的句型:
1. 人們對(duì)這個(gè)問題的看法各不相同。When it comes to sth, the opinions of people differ
有些人認(rèn)為 … ；其他人爭(zhēng)辯說 … ；還有一些人主張 …
Some believe that ... Others argue that .... Still others maintain that ...
2. 他們的觀點(diǎn)各不相同。They are quite different from each other in their opinions.
3. 有些人持這樣的觀點(diǎn)：孩子少是好事。 Some people hold the opinion that it is good to have a small family.
4. 他們對(duì)這個(gè)問題的態(tài)度大相徑庭。They think quite differently on this question.
5. 他們對(duì)噪音問題的態(tài)度截然不同。They differ greatly in their attitudes towards noise problem.
家長(zhǎng)和孩子對(duì)這個(gè)問題的看法不同。家長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為，孩子應(yīng)努力學(xué)習(xí)，得到好的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)。而孩子們則認(rèn)為，他們應(yīng)該有更多的自由來支配他們的閑暇時(shí)間，來安排他們的未來。
Parents and children think differently on this question. Parents hold that children should work hard and do well at school. Children, however, maintain that they should have more freedom to spend their leisure time and to plan for their own future.
---- 表示必須、緊急、有困難做某事的句型:
It is important （necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable, advisable） for sb. to do sth.
--- 常用諺語 （在議論文中）:
1. 常言道，“事物總是一分為二的�！� As a popular saying goes, "Every coin has two sides".
2. As a proverb says, "Everything has two sides". On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your health. On the other hand, if you don't deal with it properly, it will do harm to your health. So we should look at the matter from two sides.
3. As a proverb says, " Where there is a will there is a way." （有志者事竟成。）
4. As a popular saying goes, "A man is known by the company he keeps."（觀其交友，知其為人。）
5. As is known to all, "No pains, no gains". （沒有苦，就沒有甜。）
6. It’s no use crying over the spilt milk. （覆水難收。）
7. More haste, less speed. （欲速者不達(dá)。）
8. Look before you leap. （三思而后行。）
9. He who laughs last laughs best. （誰最后笑，誰笑得最好。）
--- 辯論中常用的句型:
1. There is no doubt that ... 譯：毫無疑問the rapid increase in population 促使 the sharp decrease in the species of wild animals.
2. It is obvious/clear that 愛心是一盞燈, 越黑暗的地方, 它越明亮。
3. 眾所周知，中國(guó)一貫主張, 國(guó)家不管大小, 應(yīng)該一律平等。As is known to all, China always maintains that all nations should be equal, be they large or small.
4. （It's） no wonder ... （難怪） 譯：他不努力工作, 難怪他丟了工作。
5. It goes without saying that ... （ 不成問題, 很自然 ） ：很自然，健
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