考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析
從小學(xué)、初中、高中到大學(xué)乃至工作，我們最少不了的就是試題了，試題是學(xué)�；蚋髦鬓k方考核某種知識(shí)才能的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。那么一般好的試題都具備什么特點(diǎn)呢？下面是小編精心整理的考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家。
考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析 1
Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry－William Shakespeare－but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC)， which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights。
The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise -making。
The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall。
The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive。
Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 per cent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better。) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low。
It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) — lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m。
26. From the first two paragraphs , we learn that
[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC ’ s contribution to the town’s revenue。
[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage。.
[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms。
[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism。
27. It can be inferred from Para 3 that
[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately。
[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers。
[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers。
[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater。
28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2, Paragraph 4)， the author implies that
[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects。
[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties。
[C] the town is not really short of money。
[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid。
29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because
[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending。
[B] the company is financially ill-managed。
[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable。
[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise。
30. From the text we can conclude that the author
[A] is supportive of both sides。
[B] favors the townsfolk’s view。
[C] takes a detached attitude。
[D] is sympathetic to the RSC。
名師解析
26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that 從前兩段，我們可以得知
[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC ’s contribution to the town’s revenue。
鎮(zhèn)上的人否認(rèn)皇家莎士比亞劇院公司對(duì)小鎮(zhèn)的收入有什么貢獻(xiàn)。
[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage。
皇家莎士比亞劇院公司的演員臺(tái)上臺(tái)下都模仿莎士比亞。
[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms。
皇家莎士比亞劇院公司的兩個(gè)分支相處不融洽。
[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism。
鎮(zhèn)上的人從旅游業(yè)中沒有掙到什么錢。
【答案】 A
【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【分析】 本題的關(guān)鍵詞“前兩段”明確告訴我們答案的得出必須要通讀完這兩段�！氨娝苤�，埃文河上的斯特拉特福德鎮(zhèn)只有一個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)——威廉·莎士比亞，但是卻有兩個(gè)完全分離并且越來越敵對(duì)的分歧雙方。一方是皇家莎士比亞劇院公司，它在埃文河的莎士比亞劇院上演精彩的戲劇作品。另一方則是當(dāng)?shù)氐木用瘢麄兒艽蟪潭壬弦蕾嚹切┎皇莵砜磻蚨莵韰⒂^莎士比亞出生地以及其它景點(diǎn)的游客而生活。斯特拉特福德鎮(zhèn)知名的居民懷疑劇院沒有對(duì)他們收入的增加做出過哪怕是一分錢的貢獻(xiàn)。他們公開表示討厭莎士比亞劇院公司的演員，他們的長(zhǎng)頭發(fā)、胡須、拖鞋以及吵鬧聲。極具諷刺意味的是，他們賴以謀生的莎士比亞當(dāng)年就是個(gè)留著胡須的演員，而且吵吵鬧鬧也有他的一份�！盵A]“鎮(zhèn)上的人否認(rèn)皇家莎士比亞劇院公司對(duì)小鎮(zhèn)有什么貢獻(xiàn)”意思是合適的，從第二段第一句話可以得出這樣的結(jié)論。選項(xiàng)[B]“皇家莎士比亞劇院公司的演員臺(tái)上臺(tái)下都模仿莎士比亞”是不正確的，因?yàn)槲闹袃H僅說斯特拉特福德鎮(zhèn)居民討厭他們的這些打扮，但是沒有說這些演員是在模仿莎士比亞，更不用說什么臺(tái)上臺(tái)下了。選項(xiàng)[C]的問題出在它把“two branches”的意思弄錯(cuò)了，這兩個(gè)分歧方指的是莎士比亞行業(yè)的兩個(gè)組成部分，一個(gè)是劇院，一個(gè)是居民。選項(xiàng)[D]說“鎮(zhèn)上的人沒有掙到錢，”顯然和原文不符，因?yàn)椤八麄兊腵生計(jì)靠的就是那些來參觀莎士比亞故居的人”，其中“l(fā)ive off”可意為“靠……生活”。
27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that 從第三段中可以推斷出
[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately。
觀光客不能分別參觀城堡或者宮殿。
[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers。
來看戲的人花的錢比觀光者花費(fèi)多。
[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers。
觀光者的購物比來看戲的人多。
[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater。
來看戲的人除了劇院哪里也不去。
【答案】 B
【考點(diǎn)】 推斷題。
【分析】 本段關(guān)鍵詞“第三段”。[B]試圖比較誰花的錢多，可以定位到第三段第二和第三句，文中提及觀光客通常不看戲。而來看戲的人通常的確會(huì)進(jìn)行一些觀光。而且后一句說“劇院認(rèn)為，他們?yōu)殒?zhèn)上帶來了最多的稅收，因?yàn)閬砜磻虻娜藭?huì)花很多的錢在酒店和飯店�！边@樣一來不難判斷，[B]是正確的。[A]中提到城堡、宮殿，可以定位到第三段第二句，“乘車來的觀光客經(jīng)常會(huì)順道去參觀沃維城堡和布倫亨宮。他們通常不看戲，有人甚至?xí)@訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)在斯特拉特福德鎮(zhèn)居然有劇院”�！皁n the side”的意思就是“另外，兼職”，說明這些人是順道來看看這些城堡、宮殿什么的，不是特意來看戲的。這推斷不出“觀光客不能單獨(dú)參觀城堡或者宮殿”這一層意思。至于[C]，第三段并沒有提到觀光客的購物多少問題，也就無從談起誰的購物多。至于[D]，顯然是不正確的，并不是什么地方都不去，因?yàn)榈谌湟呀?jīng)提到，來看戲的人通常的確會(huì)進(jìn)行一些觀光。
28. By saying“Stratford cries poor traditionally”(Line 2, Paragraph 4)， the author implies that
作者提到“Stratford cries poor traditionally”(第四段第二行)的含義是
[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects。
斯特拉特福德鎮(zhèn)支付不了擴(kuò)張項(xiàng)目的費(fèi)用。
[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties。
斯特拉特福德鎮(zhèn)一直財(cái)政困難。
[C] the town is not really short of money。
斯特拉特福德鎮(zhèn)并不是真的缺錢。
[D] the townsfolk used to
考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析 2
When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be―even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right―it can hardly be classed as Literature，This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will。
Certainly their deions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river—and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “ Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms�！�
This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?
1、This passage is mainly____。
[A]a survey of new approaches to art
[B]a review of Futurist poetry
[C]about merits of the Futurist movement
[D]about laws and requirements of literature
2、When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to_____。
[A]determine its purposes
[B]ignore its flaws
[C]follow the new fashions
[D]accept the principles
3、Futurists claim that we must____。
[A]increase the production of literature
[B]use poetry to relieve modern stress
[C]develop new modes of expression
[D]avoid using adjectives and verbs
4、The author believes that Futurist poetry is____。
[A]based on reasonable principles
[B]new and acceptable to ordinary people
[C]indicative of basic change in human nature
[D]more of a transient phenomenon than literature
名師解析
1、This passage is mainly____. 本文中心思想是____。
[A]a survey of new approaches to art 對(duì)新的藝術(shù)理論的調(diào)查
[B]a review of Futurist poetry 對(duì)未來派詩歌的評(píng)論
[C]about merits of the Futurist movement 有關(guān)未來派運(yùn)動(dòng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)
[D]about laws and requirements of literature 有關(guān)文學(xué)的規(guī)則和要求
【答案】 B
【考點(diǎn)】 文章主旨題。
【分析】 本文第一段提到“至于未來派詩歌，情況卻有點(diǎn)難，因?yàn)榧词钩姓J(rèn)未來派詩歌理論根據(jù)可能正確，無論它是怎樣的，也很難稱之為文學(xué)”。第二段提到“未來主義者聲稱，這種加速的生活需要一種新的表達(dá)方式，考研英語《考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析(三)》。如果我們想解釋現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的壓力，就必須加快文學(xué)的速度”。第三段例舉了一個(gè)未來文學(xué)的例子，指出其難以接受。最后一段仍然是對(duì)未來文學(xué)的批評(píng)。因此我們看出本文是一篇文學(xué)評(píng)論，而且是對(duì)未來文學(xué)的評(píng)論。只有選擇[B]。
2、When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to_____。
當(dāng)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)新的文學(xué)理念時(shí)，人們應(yīng)該努力_____。
[A]determine its purposes 確定它的目標(biāo)
[B]ignore its flaws 忽視它的缺陷
[C]follow the new fashions 跟隨這個(gè)新的潮流
[D]accept the principles 接受原則
【答案】 A
【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【分析】 本題可以定位到第一段第一句“每當(dāng)一個(gè)新藝術(shù)思潮達(dá)到一定流行程度時(shí)，(在評(píng)價(jià)它之前)最好先找出其倡導(dǎo)者的目的”。
3、Futurists claim that we must____。
未來主義者聲稱我們必須____。
[A]increase the production of literature 加大文學(xué)的產(chǎn)出
[B]use poetry to relieve modern stress 用詩歌來減輕現(xiàn)代的壓力
[C]develop new modes of expression 開發(fā)出新的表達(dá)方式
[D]avoid using adjectives and verbs 避免使用形容詞和動(dòng)詞
【答案】 C
【考點(diǎn)】 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【分析】 根據(jù)題干，我們無法定位到任何一段，只能通過具體的選項(xiàng)來做具體的判斷。
[A]選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，文中并沒有提到要加大文學(xué)的產(chǎn)出，雖然文中提到“如果我們想解釋現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的壓力，就必須加快文學(xué)的速度�！钡沁@句話的'意思不是要加大文學(xué)的產(chǎn)出，而是加快文學(xué)的節(jié)奏。
[B]選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)槲闹性谔岬綁毫Φ臅r(shí)候，只是說“解釋”(interpret)壓力，而沒有說用詩歌來減輕現(xiàn)代的壓力。
[D]選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，文中提到形容詞和動(dòng)詞的地方是第二段“我們必須大量使用基本詞匯，不受句號(hào)，修飾性形容詞及限定動(dòng)詞的限制”這一句。但是并沒有說避免使用形容詞和動(dòng)詞。
[C]選項(xiàng)“開發(fā)出新的表達(dá)方式”這個(gè)說法合適，因?yàn)槲闹械诙翁岬健拔磥碇髁x者聲稱，這種加速的生活需要一種新的表達(dá)方式”。
4、The author believes that Futurist poetry is_____. 作者相信未來派詩歌是_____。
[A]based on reasonable principles 根據(jù)合理的原則
[B]new and acceptable to ordinary people 對(duì)普通人而言是新的可接受的
[C]indicative of basic change in human nature 顯示出人性中基本的變化
[D]more of a transient phenomenon than literature
與其說是文學(xué)不如說是一種暫時(shí)的現(xiàn)象
【答案】 D
【考點(diǎn)】 中心主旨題。
【分析】 在本文最后一段，作者說“沒有一個(gè)善于思考的人會(huì)拒絕接受他們的首要主張，即情感生活的巨大變化要求表達(dá)方式也隨之變化。實(shí)際問題是：我們發(fā)生了根本的變化嗎?”這個(gè)問題實(shí)際上就已經(jīng)否定了未來主義者的首要主張，即他們對(duì)歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)的認(rèn)識(shí)是不正確的，所以其理論根據(jù)是站不住腳的。所以說未來派詩歌并沒有穩(wěn)定的理論基礎(chǔ)，只是一個(gè)暫時(shí)的現(xiàn)象。
考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析 3
DIY Your Own Desserts
We offer different kinds of classes to you all. A very popular class we are offering these 10 days is the class named “DIY Your Own Desserts”.
Can you imagine how happy your beloved one will be when you give him/her your DIY desserts on the special days like birthday. Mother’s Day and Father’s Day? Come to our class and make your own desserts. Give your beloved one some surprises! The class runs daily and it is a completely hands-on personal cooking experience lasting up to 4 hours learning 3-4 recipes (食譜) each lesson. The teacher will first show how to cook different recipes in front of you. And then he will guide you on how to prepare and make the food. At the end of the class you can either eat the meal prepared during the class or take it home with you. What’s more, you’ll be able to take home the copies of all the recipes.
Costs:$30 each lesson. You can start at any time.
Go to our website to get more information about the class.
You can either e-mail us or come to our office for attending it.
52. You can join the class if you like to .
A. offer some recipes B. teach how to cook
C. make desserts yourself D. get some surprises
53. You will in the class.
A. eat the meal with teacher B. celebrate the special days
C. learn 2-3 recipes each lesson D. have a hands-on experience
54. You will pay for five lessons.
A.$30 B. $60 C. $120 D. $150
55. How can you attend the class?
A. Make a phone call to them. B. Send them an e-mail.
C. Get information from parents. D. Come to the class directly.
【參考答案】：52-55 CDDB
【語篇解讀】：本文是一篇廣告。主要是介紹DIY Your Own Desserts課程的主要內(nèi)容以及課程的`費(fèi)用和報(bào)名的方式。
【逐題解析】：
52. C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中 “Come to our class and make your own
desserts.” 可知，如果你想親自做些甜品，可以加入這個(gè)課程。本題難度較小。
53. D 【解析】 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中 “The class runs daily and it is a completely hands-on personal cooking experience lasting up to 4 hours learning 3-4 recipes each lesson.” 可知，在這個(gè)課堂上，你可以有親身實(shí)踐的烹飪經(jīng)歷。本題難度適中。
54. D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。由文中 “$30 each lesson” 可知，五節(jié)課需要$150。本題難度較小。
55. B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中 “You can either e-mail us or come to our office for attending it” 可知，可以通過發(fā)送郵件或直接去辦公室報(bào)名參加。本題難度較小。
考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析 4
When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then。
Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now。
Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business。
31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that
[A] large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment。
[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared。
[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today。
[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones。
32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that
[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%。
[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago。
[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount。
[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old。
33. By saying “these figures are conservative” (Line 1, Paragraph 3)， Dr. Worm means that
[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly。
[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded。
[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss。
[D] the data collected so far are out of date。.
34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that
[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time。
[B] fisheries should keep the yields below 50% of the biomass。
[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level。
[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation。
35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’
[A] management efficiency。
[B] biomass level。
[C] catch-size limits。
[D] technological application。
名師解析
31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that
提及大型史前動(dòng)物的滅絕是為了說明
[A] large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment。
大型動(dòng)物容易受到環(huán)境變化的影響。
[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared。
當(dāng)大型動(dòng)物消失的時(shí)候小型物種存活了下來。
[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today。
大型海洋動(dòng)物今天面臨相同的威脅。
[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones。
成長(zhǎng)緩慢的魚要比成長(zhǎng)快速的魚活得長(zhǎng)。
【答案】 C
【考點(diǎn)】 推斷題。
【分析】 通過題干關(guān)鍵詞“大型史前動(dòng)物的滅絕”可以定位到第一段。作者提到它們的滅絕是由于人類的捕殺，作者在第一段最后一句提到，“如今類似的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生在海洋中”。因此可以得出結(jié)論，即，作者是為了引用大型史前動(dòng)物的滅絕來引出海洋物種同樣面臨著由于人類過度捕撈而滅絕的這個(gè)話題，故正確答案是[C]。[A]、[B]、[D]選項(xiàng)都沒有能夠表達(dá)出作者的這個(gè)意圖，而只是很淺層去分析表象。
32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that
從邁爾斯博士和沃爾姆博士的論文中我們可以推斷出
[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%。
一些老漁場(chǎng)里大型捕食類魚種的貯存量已經(jīng)減少了90%。
[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago。
現(xiàn)在漁場(chǎng)的數(shù)量只有15年前數(shù)量的一半。
[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount。
新的漁場(chǎng)中的捕捉數(shù)量是原來數(shù)量的20%。
[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old。
新的漁場(chǎng)里大型捕食類魚種的數(shù)目下降比舊的漁場(chǎng)快。
【答案】 A
【考點(diǎn)】 推斷題。
【分析】 根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper”可以定位到第二段最后一句，“根據(jù)他們發(fā)表在《自然》雜志上的最新論文，一個(gè)新的漁場(chǎng)在被開發(fā)后的15年中大型捕食類魚種的生物量平均減少了80%。在有些長(zhǎng)期捕撈的地區(qū)，自那以后，這個(gè)數(shù)量又減少了一半。”本句的理解難點(diǎn)就是“In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then。”這句話里面的“since”從什么時(shí)間開始計(jì)算，影響本題的解答�！皊ince”指的是從15年結(jié)束后開始算呢，還是從15年的第一年開始算。如果是前者，則答案是[A]，因?yàn)樾碌钠骄陆?0%，然后又下降了一半，這個(gè)意思就是一共下降了90%；如果是后者，則得出舊漁場(chǎng)大型捕食類魚種的減少速度低于新漁場(chǎng)，而且只有50%。“since”接時(shí)間，后面必須是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如果“since”后面接的不是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)而是時(shí)間段，則從該時(shí)間段結(jié)束的.時(shí)候開始算。例句：“It has been 10 years since I lived in Beijing。”這句話的意思不是“我在北京十年了”，而是“我離開北京十年了”。因此本題的正確答案是[A]�！皊ince”接的是15年結(jié)束后的那個(gè)點(diǎn)；而且這句話里面還有一個(gè)很關(guān)鍵的詞“again”(再次)，也很明顯說明這里指的是“在下降80%之后，又再次減少了一半”，即“余下的20%又減少了一半，只剩下10%”。
33. By saying“these figures are conservative”(Line 1, Paragraph 3)， Dr worm means that
沃爾姆博士說“these figures are conservative”(第三段第一行)，他的意思是
[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly. 捕魚的技術(shù)已經(jīng)得到快速提高。
[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded. 捕魚量比實(shí)際記錄的少。
[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss. 海洋生物量已經(jīng)蒙受了更大的損失。
[D] the data collected so far are out of date. 目前收集的數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)過時(shí)了。
【答案】 C
【考點(diǎn)】 推斷題。
【分析】 根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“conservative”的提示定位到第三段第一句。作者說“這個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)是保守的，因?yàn)椴遏~的技術(shù)已經(jīng)提高了。衛(wèi)星和聲納定位儀都用上了。這就意味著現(xiàn)在海里有更高比例的海洋生物被捕撈了�，F(xiàn)在和過去的真正差異可能比通過捕撈記錄的反映出來的差異更要糟糕。”接下來的一句話的意思是“以前一些抓不住的海洋生物現(xiàn)在都可以抓住了，以前被鯊魚搶走的，現(xiàn)在由于鯊魚都不見了，自然被捕撈的就更多了�！弊髡咄瑫r(shí)提到，“由于以前
考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析 5
1. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its
[A] uncertainty and complexity. [B] misconception and deceptiveness.
[C] logicality and objectivity. [D] systematicness and regularity.
解：通過關(guān)鍵詞the first paragraph定位到第一段，通過題干中的discovery定位到第一段中But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route.題干中is characterized by和process分別為該句中frequently和route的同義再現(xiàn)，更可確定該句為關(guān)鍵句。通過關(guān)鍵句中ambiguous and complicated可確定答案為A項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)中的uncertainty為ambiguous的同義替換，complexity為complicated的同義替換。其中B項(xiàng)誤解和欺騙、C項(xiàng)邏輯性和客觀性、D項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)性和規(guī)律性均不在關(guān)鍵句中，故排除。
2. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires
[A] strict inspection. [B] shared efforts.
[C] individual wisdom. [D] persistent innovation.
解：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph 2定位到第二段，再通過credibility process定位到第二段中This is the credibility process.，通過第三人稱單數(shù)this可知有關(guān)于credibility process的'信息在上一句話，故定位到But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery.，該句中的takes即為題干中requires的同義替換，故該句為關(guān)鍵句，通過關(guān)鍵句中的collective(共同的)可確定答案為B項(xiàng)共同努力。若不知collective意為共同的，則可采用排除法。其中，C項(xiàng)個(gè)人智慧和D項(xiàng)持續(xù)創(chuàng)新不在所定位段落之中，故可排除。A項(xiàng)嚴(yán)格調(diào)查，關(guān)鍵句中未提及嚴(yán)格這層含義，應(yīng)該為共同的調(diào)查才對(duì)，所以排除A項(xiàng)。
3. Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it
[A] has attracted the attention of the general public.
[B] has been examined by the scientific community.
[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.
[D] has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.
解：通過關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph 3定位第三段，再通過discovery claim becomes credible定位第三段中最后一句話As a discovery claim works its way through the community, the interaction and confrontation ... Transforms an individuals discovery claim into the communitys credible discovery.可知B項(xiàng)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明需要被科學(xué)集體檢測(cè)正確。其中，A項(xiàng)中的public、C項(xiàng)editors and reviewers、D項(xiàng)peer scientists都是科學(xué)聲明變的可信的過程，需要三者共同檢測(cè)才會(huì)變的可信，故可用community概括，ACD均可排除。
4. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi would most likely agree that
[A] scientific claims will survive challenges. [B] discoveries today inspire future research.
[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified. [D] scientific work calls for a critical mind.
解：根據(jù)題文同序的原則，以及關(guān)鍵詞Albert Szent-Gyorgyi可定位第四段中Albert Szent-Gyorgyi once described discovery asseeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.可知D項(xiàng)科學(xué)工作要求批判性思維正確。其中，A項(xiàng)challenges和B項(xiàng)future research均出現(xiàn)在所定位關(guān)鍵句的前一句話中，故可排除。C項(xiàng)定位段未提及，也可排除。
5. Which of the following would be the best title of the test?
[A] Novelty as an engine of Scientific Discovery. [B] Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.
[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science. [D] Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.
解：考研英語閱讀文章為議論文，故全文應(yīng)該圍繞作者的論點(diǎn)展開論述，那5個(gè)題目必圍繞文章論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行，故可通過題干來鎖定論點(diǎn)范圍。前4個(gè)題目中科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)和可信度字眼頻繁出現(xiàn)，故論點(diǎn)與其有關(guān)，則可排除AB項(xiàng)。其中D項(xiàng)科學(xué)入門處對(duì)可信度的質(zhì)疑只是第四段的大意，故排除，所以正確答案為C項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究中可信度的發(fā)展。
考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析 6
Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad。
This wasnt always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworths daffodils to Baudelaires flowers of evil。
You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But its not as if earlier times didnt know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today。
After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology。
People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too。
Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda－to lure us to open our wallets—they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. "Celebrate!" commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks。
But what we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting—is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. Its a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air。
36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that
[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music。
[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings。
[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness。
[D] artists have changed their focus of interest。
37. The word “bummer” (Line 5. paragraph 5) most probably means something
[A] religious. [B] unpleasant. [C] entertaining. [D] commercial。
38. In the author’s opinion, advertising
[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art。
[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public。
[C] replaces the church as a major source of information。
[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself。
39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes
[A].happiness more often than not ends in sadness。
[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful by refreshing。
[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied。
[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms。
40. Which of the following is true of the text?
[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery。
[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality。
[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society。
[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths。
名師解析
36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that
作者引用詩人華茲華斯和波德萊爾的例子，其意圖是為了表明
[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music。
詩歌對(duì)于快樂的表達(dá)不如油畫和音樂。
[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings。
藝術(shù)源于正面和負(fù)面情感。
[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness。
今天的詩人對(duì)于快樂持較弱的懷疑態(tài)度。
[D] artists have changed their focus of interest。
藝術(shù)家已經(jīng)改變了興趣的焦點(diǎn)。
【答案】 D
【考點(diǎn)】 推斷題。
【分析】 題干關(guān)鍵詞“華茲華斯和波德萊爾”，定位到第二段最后一句，“as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil”通過第一段的閱讀我們得知，藝術(shù)家開始關(guān)注那些令人不快的情感。而第二段說，“以前不是這樣的，繪畫，音樂都適合表達(dá)快樂，只是19世紀(jì)的某個(gè)時(shí)候，當(dāng)我們從華茲華斯的水仙花轉(zhuǎn)向波德萊爾的惡之花時(shí)，越來越多的藝術(shù)家開始把快樂看成是乏味的，虛假的`，甚至是令人厭倦的�！币虼宋覀兛梢缘贸鼋Y(jié)論，即“藝術(shù)家已經(jīng)改變了興趣的焦點(diǎn)”。故正確答案是[D]。[A]不合適的原因是文中沒有將詩歌、繪畫和音樂對(duì)于快樂的表現(xiàn)力進(jìn)行比較。[B]從字面上來看，似乎是有道理的，但是這不是作者引用二人的目的所在，因?yàn)樽髡邚?qiáng)調(diào)的是一個(gè)重點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)移。選項(xiàng)[C]的說法和第三段第一句的意思相反。
37. The word“bummer”(Line 5. Paragraph 5) most probably means something
“bummer”(第五段第五行)一詞的最有可能的含義是
[A] religious. 宗教的 [B] unpleasant. 令人不快的
[C] entertaining. 使人愉快的 [D] commercial. 商業(yè)的
【答案】 B
【考點(diǎn)】 詞義題。
【分析】 本題考查考生能否根據(jù)上下文來推測(cè)某個(gè)單詞意思的能力。根據(jù)提示定義到第五段最后一句。第五段說“早期時(shí)候的人，生活被苦難包圍著。他們工作到筋疲力盡，生活沒有保障，壽命很短。最強(qiáng)大的大眾傳媒教堂也時(shí)刻提醒信徒們，他們的靈魂處于危險(xiǎn)之中，他們有一天會(huì)成為蛆蟲的食物。有了這一切，他們的確無需藝術(shù)也變成一個(gè)‘bummer’”。至此，意思很明了，即他們不再需要增加一個(gè)“令他們不快樂的事物”，“bummer”指的就是“something unpleasant”。
38. In the author’s opinion, advertising 在作者看來，廣告
[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art. 隨著反快樂藝術(shù)而出現(xiàn)。
[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public. 是引起公眾失望的原因。
[C] replaces the church as a major source of information. 代替了教堂成為主要的信息來源。
[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself. 創(chuàng)造快樂的幻覺而不是快樂本身
【答案】 D
【考點(diǎn)】 推斷題。
【分析】 通過本題關(guān)鍵詞“廣告”(advertising)可以定位到第四段。作者提到“反快樂的藝術(shù)之興起幾乎可以追溯到大眾傳媒出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，以及伴隨大眾傳媒而出現(xiàn)的商業(yè)文化。對(duì)商業(yè)文化而言，快樂不僅僅是一種理想，更是一種意識(shí)形態(tài)”。因此[A]可以被排除，因?yàn)閇A]的說法剛好與原文相反�！癷n the wake of”的意思就是“緊跟著，隨著”。然后再定位到第六段，文章說，“西方人遭受商業(yè)信息的狂轟濫炸，而且這些信息總是很快樂�？觳褪晨�，新聞主持人，短消息服務(wù)商，都在微笑、微笑、微笑。但是由于這些信息都有著一個(gè)自己的‘任務(wù)’(agenda)，即，誘惑我們打開錢包”，所以它使得快樂的概念看上去不可靠。后面作者又舉了一個(gè)藥品的例子，說這個(gè)藥品的宣傳很好，但是后來卻發(fā)現(xiàn)它可能增加心臟病的發(fā)病率。綜合以上所說，可以看出，廣告創(chuàng)造的是快樂的幻覺而不是快樂本身，故正確答案為[D]。[B]沒有根據(jù)。[C]的錯(cuò)誤在于代替教堂的不是廣告而是大眾傳媒。
考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析 7
There is growing interest in East Japan Railway Co. ltd，one of the six companies，created out of the privatized nationa__l__ railway system. In an industry lacking exciting growth1，its plan to use real-estate assets in and around train stations__2__is drawing interest.
In a plan calledStation Renaissancethat it__3__in November，JR East said that it would__4__using its commercial spaces for shops and restaurants，extending them to__5__more suitable for the information age. It wants train stations as pick-up__6__for such goods as books，flowers and groceries__7__over the Internet. In a country where city__8__depend heavily on trains__9__commuting，about 16 million people a day go to its train stations anyway，the company __10__. So，picking up commodities at train stations__11__consumers extra travel and missed home deliveries. JR East already has been using its station__12__stores for this purpose，but it plans to create__13__spaces for the delivery of Internet goods.
The company also plans to introduce __14__cardsknown in Japan as IC cards because they use integrated circuit for__15__information__16__ train tickets and commuter passes__17__the magnetic ones used today，integrating them into a/an __18__pass. This will save the company money，because__19__for IC cards are much less expensive than magnetic systems. Increased use of IC cards should also__20__the space needed for ticket vending.
1.[A] perspectives [B] outlooks [C] prospects [D] spectacles
2.[A] creatively [B] originally [C] authentically [D] initially
3.[A] displayed [B] demonstrated [C] embarked [D] unveiled
4.[A] go beyond [B] set out [C] come around [D] spread over
5.[A] applications [B] enterprises [C] functions [D]performances
6.[A] districts [B] vicinities [C] resorts [D] locations
7.[A] acquired [B] purchased [C] presided [D] attained
8.[A] lodgers [B] tenants [C] dwellers [D] boarders
9.[A] for [B] in [C] of [D] as
10.[A] figures [B] exhibits [C] convinces [D] speculates
11.[A] deprives [B] retrieves [C] spares [D] exempts
12.[A] conjunction [B] convenience [C] department [D] ornament
13.[A] delegated [B] designated [C] devoted [D] dedicated
14.[A] clever [B] smart [C] ingenious [D] intelligent
15.[A] checking [B] gathering [C] holding [D] accommodating
16.[A] as [B] for [C] with [D] of
17.[A] but for [B] as well as [C] instead of [D] more than
18.[A] unique [B] single [C] unitary [D] only
19.[A] devices [B] instruments [C] readers [D] examiners
20.[A] reduce [B] narrow [C] dwarf [D] shrink
答案
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.A
11.C 12.B 13.D 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.A
總體分析
本文介紹了東日本鐵路公司引人關(guān)注的新計(jì)劃。文章第一段介紹說東日本鐵路公司創(chuàng)造性地利用車站內(nèi)部及周圍房地產(chǎn)的計(jì)劃正引起越來越多人的關(guān)注。第二段具體介紹了這一計(jì)劃的內(nèi)容及好處，即適應(yīng)信息時(shí)代的要求，把車站作為網(wǎng)上購物的物品收取地，這樣既為消費(fèi)者提供了方便，又提高了遞送物品的`安全性。第三段介紹了該公司引入智能卡代替目前使用的各種磁卡作車票的計(jì)劃及其優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
全文翻譯
通過國家鐵路系統(tǒng)的私有化創(chuàng)建起來的六大公司之一的東日本鐵路有限公司，正吸引著越來越多人的目光。在一個(gè)發(fā)展前景不振的行業(yè)，它創(chuàng)造性地利用車站內(nèi)部及周圍的房地產(chǎn)的計(jì)劃正引起人們的關(guān)注。
東日本鐵路在11月份公布的車站復(fù)興計(jì)劃中說：它將不僅把它的商業(yè)空地用于開商店和餐館，而且還要把這些商業(yè)空地用于更加適應(yīng)信息時(shí)代的功能上去。它打算把車站作為網(wǎng)上所購物品如書籍、花卉和日用百貨等的收取地。該公司估算，在一個(gè)都市人嚴(yán)重依賴列車作為上下班交通工具的國度里，每天大約有1600萬人因各種原因來到它的車站。因此，在車站收取物品使消費(fèi)者節(jié)省了路途而且也不像往家里遞送那樣容易丟失。東日本鐵路已經(jīng)開始把車站的便利店用于這一目的，但它打算為網(wǎng)上貨物的遞送創(chuàng)立專門的空間。
該公司還打算引入智能卡(在日本稱為IC卡，因?yàn)樗鼈兝眉呻娐穬?chǔ)存信息)取代目前使用的磁卡作為車票和定期券，把各種不同的票券合為一體。這將為公司節(jié)省資金，因?yàn)镮C卡的讀卡機(jī)比磁系統(tǒng)要便宜的多。IC卡使用的增加還將會(huì)減少售票所占用的空間
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