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考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及解析
從小學(xué)、初中、高中到大學(xué)乃至工作，我們都要用到試題，試題可以幫助主辦方了解考生某方面的知識或技能狀況。什么類型的試題才能有效幫助到我們呢？以下是小編為大家收集的考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。
考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析 1
Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad。
This wasnt always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworths daffodils to Baudelaires flowers of evil。
You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But its not as if earlier times didnt know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today。
After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology。
People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too。
Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda－to lure us to open our wallets—they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. "Celebrate!" commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks。
But what we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting—is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. Its a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air。
36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that
[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music。
[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings。
[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness。
[D] artists have changed their focus of interest。
37. The word “bummer” (Line 5. paragraph 5) most probably means something
[A] religious. [B] unpleasant. [C] entertaining. [D] commercial。
38. In the author’s opinion, advertising
[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art。
[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public。
[C] replaces the church as a major source of information。
[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself。
39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes
[A].happiness more often than not ends in sadness。
[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful by refreshing。
[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied。
[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms。
40. Which of the following is true of the text?
[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery。
[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality。
[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society。
[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths。
名師解析
36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that
作者引用詩人華茲華斯和波德萊爾的例子，其意圖是為了表明
[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music。
詩歌對于快樂的表達不如油畫和音樂。
[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings。
藝術(shù)源于正面和負面情感。
[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness。
今天的詩人對于快樂持較弱的懷疑態(tài)度。
[D] artists have changed their focus of interest。
藝術(shù)家已經(jīng)改變了興趣的焦點。
【答案】 D
【考點】 推斷題。
【分析】 題干關(guān)鍵詞“華茲華斯和波德萊爾”，定位到第二段最后一句，“as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil”通過第一段的閱讀我們得知，藝術(shù)家開始關(guān)注那些令人不快的情感。而第二段說，“以前不是這樣的，繪畫，音樂都適合表達快樂，只是19世紀的某個時候，當(dāng)我們從華茲華斯的水仙花轉(zhuǎn)向波德萊爾的惡之花時，越來越多的藝術(shù)家開始把快樂看成是乏味的，虛假的，甚至是令人厭倦的�！币虼宋覀兛梢缘贸鼋Y(jié)論，即“藝術(shù)家已經(jīng)改變了興趣的焦點”。故正確答案是[D]。[A]不合適的原因是文中沒有將詩歌、繪畫和音樂對于快樂的表現(xiàn)力進行比較。[B]從字面上來看，似乎是有道理的，但是這不是作者引用二人的目的所在，因為作者強調(diào)的是一個重點的轉(zhuǎn)移。選項[C]的說法和第三段第一句的意思相反。
37. The word“bummer”(Line 5. Paragraph 5) most probably means something
“bummer”(第五段第五行)一詞的最有可能的含義是
[A] religious. 宗教的 [B] unpleasant. 令人不快的
[C] entertaining. 使人愉快的 [D] commercial. 商業(yè)的
【答案】 B
【考點】 詞義題。
【分析】 本題考查考生能否根據(jù)上下文來推測某個單詞意思的能力。根據(jù)提示定義到第五段最后一句。第五段說“早期時候的人，生活被苦難包圍著。他們工作到筋疲力盡，生活沒有保障，壽命很短。最強大的大眾傳媒教堂也時刻提醒信徒們，他們的靈魂處于危險之中，他們有一天會成為蛆蟲的食物。有了這一切，他們的確無需藝術(shù)也變成一個‘bummer’”。至此，意思很明了，即他們不再需要增加一個“令他們不快樂的事物”，“bummer”指的就是“something unpleasant”。
38. In the author’s opinion, advertising 在作者看來，廣告
[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art. 隨著反快樂藝術(shù)而出現(xiàn)。
[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public. 是引起公眾失望的原因。
[C] replaces the church as a major source of information. 代替了教堂成為主要的信息來源。
[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself. 創(chuàng)造快樂的幻覺而不是快樂本身
【答案】 D
【考點】 推斷題。
【分析】 通過本題關(guān)鍵詞“廣告”(advertising)可以定位到第四段。作者提到“反快樂的藝術(shù)之興起幾乎可以追溯到大眾傳媒出現(xiàn)的時候，以及伴隨大眾傳媒而出現(xiàn)的商業(yè)文化。對商業(yè)文化而言，快樂不僅僅是一種理想，更是一種意識形態(tài)”。因此[A]可以被排除，因為[A]的說法剛好與原文相反�！癷n the wake of”的意思就是“緊跟著，隨著”。然后再定位到第六段，文章說，“西方人遭受商業(yè)信息的狂轟濫炸，而且這些信息總是很快樂�？觳褪晨停侣勚鞒秩�，短消息服務(wù)商，都在微笑、微笑、微笑。但是由于這些信息都有著一個自己的‘任務(wù)’(agenda)，即，誘惑我們打開錢包”，所以它使得快樂的概念看上去不可靠。后面作者又舉了一個藥品的例子，說這個藥品的宣傳很好，但是后來卻發(fā)現(xiàn)它可能增加心臟病的發(fā)病率。綜合以上所說，可以看出，廣告創(chuàng)造的是快樂的幻覺而不是快樂本身，故正確答案為[D]。[B]沒有根據(jù)。[C]的錯誤在于代替教堂的不是廣告而是大眾傳媒。
39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes
從最后一段中我們可以得知作者相信
[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness.
快樂常常以痛苦告終。
[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing。
反快樂藝術(shù)令人不快但是使人耳目一新。
[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied。
應(yīng)該
考研英語真題閱讀理解試題及名師解析 2
There is growing interest in East Japan Railway Co. ltd，one of the six companies，created out of the privatized nationa__l__ railway system. In an industry lacking exciting growth1，its plan to use real-estate assets in and around train stations__2__is drawing interest.
In a plan calledStation Renaissancethat it__3__in November，JR East said that it would__4__using its commercial spaces for shops and restaurants，extending them to__5__more suitable for the information age. It wants train stations as pick-up__6__for such goods as books，flowers and groceries__7__over the Internet. In a country where city__8__depend heavily on trains__9__commuting，about 16 million people a day go to its train stations anyway，the company __10__. So，picking up commodities at train stations__11__consumers extra travel and missed home deliveries. JR East already has been using its station__12__stores for this purpose，but it plans to create__13__spaces for the delivery of Internet goods.
The company also plans to introduce __14__cardsknown in Japan as IC cards because they use integrated circuit for__15__information__16__ train tickets and commuter passes__17__the magnetic ones used today，integrating them into a/an __18__pass. This will save the company money，because__19__for IC cards are much less expensive than magnetic systems. Increased use of IC cards should also__20__the space needed for ticket vending.
1.[A] perspectives [B] outlooks [C] prospects [D] spectacles
2.[A] creatively [B] originally [C] authentically [D] initially
3.[A] displayed [B] demonstrated [C] embarked [D] unveiled
4.[A] go beyond [B] set out [C] come around [D] spread over
5.[A] applications [B] enterprises [C] functions [D]performances
6.[A] districts [B] vicinities [C] resorts [D] locations
7.[A] acquired [B] purchased [C] presided [D] attained
8.[A] lodgers [B] tenants [C] dwellers [D] boarders
9.[A] for [B] in [C] of [D] as
10.[A] figures [B] exhibits [C] convinces [D] speculates
11.[A] deprives [B] retrieves [C] spares [D] exempts
12.[A] conjunction [B] convenience [C] department [D] ornament
13.[A] delegated [B] designated [C] devoted [D] dedicated
14.[A] clever [B] smart [C] ingenious [D] intelligent
15.[A] checking [B] gathering [C] holding [D] accommodating
16.[A] as [B] for [C] with [D] of
17.[A] but for [B] as well as [C] instead of [D] more than
18.[A] unique [B] single [C] unitary [D] only
19.[A] devices [B] instruments [C] readers [D] examiners
20.[A] reduce [B] narrow [C] dwarf [D] shrink
答案
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.A
11.C 12.B 13.D 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.A
總體分析
本文介紹了東日本鐵路公司引人關(guān)注的新計劃。文章第一段介紹說東日本鐵路公司創(chuàng)造性地利用車站內(nèi)部及周圍房地產(chǎn)的計劃正引起越來越多人的關(guān)注。第二段具體介紹了這一計劃的內(nèi)容及好處，即適應(yīng)信息時代的要求，把車站作為網(wǎng)上購物的物品收取地，這樣既為消費者提供了方便，又提高了遞送物品的安全性。第三段介紹了該公司引入智能卡代替目前使用的各種磁卡作車票的計劃及其優(yōu)點。
全文翻譯
通過國家鐵路系統(tǒng)的私有化創(chuàng)建起來的六大公司之一的東日本鐵路有限公司，正吸引著越來越多人的目光。在一個發(fā)展前景不振的行業(yè)，它創(chuàng)造性地利用車站內(nèi)部及周圍的房地產(chǎn)的計劃正引起人們的關(guān)注。
東日本鐵路在11月份公布的車站復(fù)興計劃中說：它將不僅把它的商業(yè)空地用于開商店和餐館，而且還要把這些商業(yè)空地用于更加適應(yīng)信息時代的功能上去。它打算把車站作為網(wǎng)上所購物品如書籍、花卉和日用百貨等的收取地。該公司估算，在一個都市人嚴重依賴列車作為上下班交通工具的國度里，每天大約有1600萬人因各種原因來到它的車站。因此，在車站收取物品使消費者節(jié)省了路途而且也不像往家里遞送那樣容易丟失。東日本鐵路已經(jīng)開始把車站的便利店用于這一目的，但它打算為網(wǎng)上貨物的遞送創(chuàng)立專門的空間。
該公司還打算引入智能卡(在日本稱為IC卡，因為它們利用集成電路儲存信息)取代目前使用的磁卡作為車票和定期券，把各種不同的票券合為一體。這將為公司節(jié)省資金，因為IC卡的讀卡機比磁系統(tǒng)要便宜的多。IC卡使用的增加還將會減少售票所占用的空間
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