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考研英語(yǔ)真題解析 國(guó)人壽命
It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional .Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.
In 1950, the U.S. spent ＄12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be ＄1，540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way ” so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.
I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.
Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people's lives.
36. What is implied in the first sentence?
[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.
[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.
[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.
[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.
37. The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that
[A] medical resources are often wasted.
[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases.
[C] some treatments are too aggressive.
[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable.
38. The author's attitude to ward Richard Lamm's remark is one of
[A] strong disapproval.
[B] reserved consent.
[C] slight contempt.
[D] enthusiastic support.
39. In contras to the U.S. ,Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care
[A] more flexibly.
[B] more extravagantly.
[C] more cautiously.
[D] more reasonably.
40. The text intends to express the idea that
[A] medicine will further prolong people's lives.
[B] life beyond a certain limit is not worth living.
[C] death should be accepted as a fact of life.
[D] excessive demands increase the cost of health care.
名師解析
36. What is implied in the first sentence? 第一句話暗示什么？
[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.
美國(guó)人對(duì)于死亡的準(zhǔn)備超過(guò)其他人。
[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.
美國(guó)人比先前享受更高的生活質(zhì)量。
[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.
美國(guó)人對(duì)他們的醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)過(guò)于自信。
[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.
美國(guó)人對(duì)于他們的長(zhǎng)壽有一種虛榮的自豪感。
【答案】 C
【考點(diǎn)】 推斷題。
【分析】 該題問(wèn)的是篇首第一句的含義。這句話說(shuō)的是“據(jù)說(shuō)，在英國(guó)死亡是迫在眉睫的，在加拿大死亡是不可避免的，在加利福尼亞死亡是可以選擇的�！睆倪@句話中，我們可以看出美國(guó)人自認(rèn)為美國(guó)擁有先進(jìn)醫(yī)療技術(shù)，死亡是可以控制的。所以[C]項(xiàng)是正確的。[A]項(xiàng)毫無(wú)道理，因?yàn)閺奈恼轮锌梢钥闯雒绹?guó)人還是害怕死亡的。[B]項(xiàng)是將美國(guó)人的現(xiàn)狀與過(guò)去相比，與本句無(wú)關(guān)。[D]項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是美國(guó)人對(duì)于他們的長(zhǎng)壽有一種虛榮的自豪感，也是不正確的，因?yàn)榉治龅谝欢尉桶l(fā)現(xiàn)，作者談?wù)摰模蛘哒f(shuō)作者自己進(jìn)行解釋的是美國(guó)人對(duì)醫(yī)療技術(shù)的自信，所以[D]不正確。
37. The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that
作者用癌癥病人的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明
[A] medical resources are often wasted. 醫(yī)療資源常常被浪費(fèi)。
[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases. 醫(yī)生對(duì)于致命的疾病也無(wú)計(jì)可施。
[C] some treatments are too aggressive. 有一些治療過(guò)去大膽。
[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable. 醫(yī)療費(fèi)用越來(lái)越支付不起。
【答案】 A
【考點(diǎn)】 作者意圖題。
【分析】 在第二段中，作者用晚期癌癥患者為例，指出醫(yī)生們往往采取一些激進(jìn)的缺乏科學(xué)根據(jù)的治療方法。結(jié)合文章來(lái)看，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)它的作用是為了說(shuō)明人們通常浪費(fèi)了醫(yī)療資源，過(guò)度地投入在已經(jīng)沒(méi)有用處的的事情上。因此我們可以推斷出作者的意圖，即不應(yīng)該浪費(fèi)醫(yī)療資源在那些無(wú)可救藥的人身上。[B]、[C]選項(xiàng)都不能表達(dá)作者意圖。文中提及第三方支付人支付很多費(fèi)用，因此[D]項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是錯(cuò)誤的。
38. The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of
作者對(duì)待Richard Lamm所說(shuō)的話的態(tài)度是
[A] strong disapproval. 強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)。
[B] reserved consent. 有保留的贊同。
[C] slight contempt. 略有蔑視。
[D] enthusiastic support. 熱烈支持。
【答案】 B
【考點(diǎn)】 作者態(tài)度題。
【分析】 通過(guò)關(guān)鍵詞“Lamm”可以定位到第三段“Lamm”所說(shuō)的話，“老年人有義務(wù)死亡，以免擋住道路”。在第四段，作者對(duì)于“Lamm”的觀點(diǎn)發(fā)表了看法，“I would not go that far.”(我不會(huì)走那么遠(yuǎn)。)接著，作者舉出了許多例子，說(shuō)明老年人可以活得很有價(jià)值。這很容易讓人認(rèn)為作者是反對(duì)“Lamm”的觀點(diǎn)的。但是接下來(lái)的一段中，作者從另外一個(gè)角度發(fā)表了自己的看法。作者說(shuō)，“最昂貴和最引人注目的醫(yī)療手段未必就是高效率的和無(wú)疼痛的”。作者舉例日本和瑞士，老年醫(yī)療開支不高，但是壽命更長(zhǎng)，更加健康。作者說(shuō)“我們?cè)谀切o(wú)藥可救的疾病方面，也許投入過(guò)大，但是在那些事關(guān)人民生活質(zhì)量的研究上投入過(guò)低”。所以選[B]，作者對(duì)“Lamm”的觀點(diǎn)基本同意，但有所保留。
39. In contrast to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care
與美國(guó)相比，日本和瑞典對(duì)醫(yī)療的資金投入的方式
[A] more flexibly. 更靈活。 [B] more extravagantly. 更奢侈。
[C] more cautiously. 更謹(jǐn)慎。 [D] more reasonably. 更合理。
【答案】 D
【考點(diǎn)】 推斷題。
【分析】 定位到最后一段，作者舉例說(shuō)明了“雖然日本和瑞典在醫(yī)療保健上的花費(fèi)比美國(guó)少，但壽命卻比美國(guó)人長(zhǎng)，身體也更健康”。接著作者提到“我們也許在那些無(wú)藥可救的疾病方面，也許投入過(guò)大，但是在那些事關(guān)人民生活的研究上投入過(guò)低”。因此我們可以推斷出，日本和瑞典在醫(yī)療保健上的投資比美國(guó)“更加合理”，因此選擇[D]項(xiàng)，其它選項(xiàng)不能表達(dá)出這個(gè)意思。
40. The text intends to express the idea that 本文試圖表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)是
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