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2024考研英語(yǔ)，歷年真題長(zhǎng)難句解析
在平平淡淡的日常中，大家一定都接觸過(guò)一些使用較為普遍的句子吧，句子由詞或詞組部分和語(yǔ)調(diào)所表示的語(yǔ)氣部分組成。那么什么樣的句子才更具感染力呢？下面是小編為大家收集的2024考研英語(yǔ)，歷年真題長(zhǎng)難句解析，希望能夠幫助到大家。
考研英語(yǔ)，歷年真題長(zhǎng)難句解析 1
1. Actually, it isnt, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
【譯文】 事實(shí)并非如此，因?yàn)檫@種問(wèn)法是以人們對(duì)人的權(quán)利有共同認(rèn)識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的，而這種共同認(rèn)識(shí)并不存在。
【析句】這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，主語(yǔ)是it isnt，省略了表語(yǔ)，完整的說(shuō)法是it isnt a useful, ground-clearing way to start. because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights是一個(gè)表示原因的狀語(yǔ)從句，其表語(yǔ)an agreed account of human rights跟了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句which is something the world doesnt have。注意狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)it指代上文的the question，it assumes意思是“這種問(wèn)題(問(wèn)法)是假定的”。
【講詞】 account一詞的正確理解是翻譯的關(guān)鍵。an agreed account of human rights意思是“an agreed understanding of human rights”。
agreed意為“一致的”。This is the agreed price at which the stock will be traded.(這是股票交易的約定價(jià)格。)They met at the agreed time.(他們按約定時(shí)間見(jiàn)面。)
2. Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
【譯文】 有些哲學(xué)家論證說(shuō)，權(quán)利只存在在于社會(huì)契約中，是責(zé)任與權(quán)益相交換的一部分。
【析句】 Some philosophers argue是句子的主干，賓語(yǔ)是一個(gè)從句，介詞短語(yǔ)as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements是rights的后置定語(yǔ)。
【講詞】 social contract意為“社會(huì)契約”，也可譯為“民約論”或“社會(huì)契約論”，指社會(huì)成員之間或政府與人民之間確定和限制各自權(quán)利和義務(wù)的.協(xié)議。
duty意為“義務(wù)，職責(zé)”，與obligation和responsibility同義。obligation通常指特定原因而產(chǎn)生的具體限制，responsibility強(qiáng)調(diào)履行義務(wù)，duty指出于道德或倫理的考慮而受到的限制。
entitle的基本意思是“給……題名,給……稱(chēng)號(hào);給予……權(quán)利; 使……有資格(做某事)”。
I think she is entitled to praise.(我看她值得贊揚(yáng)。)
The book is entitled Natural Cancer Treatments.(這本書(shū)的名稱(chēng)是《癌癥自然療法》。)
The civil servants in our country are entitled to free medical care.(我們國(guó)家的公務(wù)員享受免費(fèi)醫(yī)療。)而entitlements意為“權(quán)利”。
3. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans,or with no consideration at all.
【譯文】這種說(shuō)法從一開(kāi)始就將討論引向兩個(gè)極端，它使人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)這樣對(duì)待動(dòng)物：要么像對(duì)人類(lèi)自身一樣關(guān)切體諒，要么完全冷漠無(wú)情。
【析句】主句是It leads the discussion to extremes，at the outset作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。冒號(hào)后面的成分是對(duì)主句進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，其賓語(yǔ)是一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句，而在這個(gè)從句中，either…or…是一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)，作方式狀語(yǔ)。
【講詞】consideration意為“體諒,考慮;需要考慮的事項(xiàng)”。Your proposal is under consideration.(你的提議正在考慮之中。)Face is a big consideration for Chinese.(中國(guó)人非常重面子。)He showed no consideration for his wife.(他從不體諒他的妻子。)
extend意為“延伸;延長(zhǎng);擴(kuò)大;給予”。The bank has promised to extend your company credit.(銀行已經(jīng)答應(yīng)向你們公司提供信用貸款。)The wet weather extended into September.(潮濕陰雨的天氣延續(xù)到九月份。)Please accept our sincere thanks for the courtesy extended to our company.(對(duì)我們一行所受到的禮遇，我們由衷表示謝意。)
4. Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect,extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.
【譯文】 這類(lèi)極端主義者認(rèn)為人與動(dòng)物在各相關(guān)方面都不相同，對(duì)待動(dòng)物無(wú)須考慮道德問(wèn)題。
【析句】 現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)(Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect)作狀語(yǔ)，主干結(jié)構(gòu)是extremists of this kind think，賓語(yǔ)是一個(gè)從句。
animals lie outside the area of moral choice直譯是“動(dòng)物是在道德選擇的范疇之外”，即“對(duì)待動(dòng)物無(wú)須考慮道德問(wèn)題”。
【講詞】 respect作名詞時(shí)除了“尊重”之外，還可表示“方面”，例如：In many respects this is an important decision.(這在許多方面都是一項(xiàng)重要的決定。)In this respect,I would argue that this is the only decision which could have been made.(從這一方面來(lái)說(shuō)，我認(rèn)為這是唯一可作的決定。)
5. When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
【譯文】 這種反應(yīng)并不錯(cuò)，這是人類(lèi)用道德觀念進(jìn)行推理的本能在起作用，這種本能應(yīng)得到鼓勵(lì)，而不應(yīng)遭到嘲弄。
【析句】 句子分兩個(gè)部分，以冒號(hào)隔開(kāi)。在前一部分中，主干是it is not a mistake，When that happens作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。在后一部分中，it is mankind’s instinct是主干結(jié)構(gòu)，介詞短語(yǔ)for moral reasoning in action作mankind’s instinct的后置定語(yǔ)，an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at是mankind’s instinct的同位語(yǔ)，其中that引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾an instinct。
【講詞】 instinct意為“直覺(jué)”。We sometimes act on instinct.(我們有時(shí)憑直覺(jué)行動(dòng)。)Trust your instincts and do what you think is right.(相信你的直覺(jué),按你自己認(rèn)為對(duì)的去做。)
reasoning意為“推理”。His close reasoning gave fibre to his argument.(他嚴(yán)密的邏輯使他的論點(diǎn)強(qiáng)勁有力。)SuperKids has created a small collection of classic mind?challenging games that focus on spatial reasoning.(“超級(jí)兒童”制作了一小部分經(jīng)典的智力游戲，考察空間推理能力。)
6. Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.
【譯文】 很多用來(lái)描述貨幣政策的詞，如“引導(dǎo)經(jīng)濟(jì)軟著陸”，“觸動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)剎車(chē)”，聽(tīng)起來(lái)像是一門(mén)精確的科學(xué)。事實(shí)遠(yuǎn)非如此。
【析句】 在第一個(gè)句子中，其主干為Much of the language…,makes it sound like…。used to describe monetary policy是用于修飾language的定語(yǔ)，后面的such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”對(duì)前面的language作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明。第二個(gè)句子是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。
【講詞】 soft landing是一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)術(shù)語(yǔ)，意為“軟著陸”。
Nothing could be further from the truth意思是“沒(méi)有什么比這更遠(yuǎn)離事實(shí)”，即“事實(shí)遠(yuǎn)非如此”或“情況并非如此”。
monetary與financial同義，意為“貨幣的;經(jīng)濟(jì)的”，但后者更涉及大規(guī)模金錢(qián)的交易。The monetary system of certain countries used to be based on gold.(某些國(guó)家的貨幣制度過(guò)去一直是金本位的。)
考研英語(yǔ)，歷年真題長(zhǎng)難句解析 2
一、長(zhǎng)難句訓(xùn)練題
1、Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice-that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.
2、The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite from Mars.
3、It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically: Why should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious?
4、You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories.
5、Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
二、長(zhǎng)難句訓(xùn)練題解析
1、
解析：
句子的主干是Creating a "European identity" is no easy task and demands a strategic choice。第一個(gè)that是定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)修飾European identity；而第二個(gè)that即that of producing …，這個(gè)that 就是一個(gè)指示代詞，指前文出現(xiàn)過(guò)的名詞choice。which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾different cultures and traditions。
參考譯文：
不同的文化和傳統(tǒng)把歐洲大陸編制成一體，要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造出一種尊重這些不同文化和傳統(tǒng)的"歐洲品牌"絕非易事，需要人們做出戰(zhàn)略性的選擇，即選擇在歐洲為歐洲做節(jié)目。
2、
解析：
主句為：The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by… and by…。主句主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)為: The issue of whether…and whether…。of 短語(yǔ)修飾the issue, that the Red Planet…是evidence的同位語(yǔ)從句，（即是evidence的具體內(nèi)容）。that bacterial fossils…是suggestions的同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明suggestions的具體內(nèi)容。）
參考譯文：
越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明，這個(gè)紅色行星上曾經(jīng)有穩(wěn)定而豐富的液態(tài)水，而且人們對(duì)從火星落到地球上的細(xì)菌化石隕石的說(shuō)法一直有爭(zhēng)論，這使火星上是否存在過(guò)生命和是否至今仍有生命的問(wèn)題成為了引人注目的重點(diǎn)。
3、
解析：
主句為：It has also been proposed。That…for studying them scientifically是主語(yǔ)從句，是形式主語(yǔ)it的真主語(yǔ)。because we know so much about people intuitively是這個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句中嵌套的'原因狀語(yǔ)從句。冒號(hào)后面是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，對(duì)前面內(nèi)容起解釋說(shuō)明作用。）
參考譯文：
還有解釋說(shuō)，正是由于我們對(duì)人的直覺(jué)了解太多，所以我們沒(méi)有科學(xué)地研究這些直覺(jué)的動(dòng)力：對(duì)于顯而易見(jiàn)之事，人們?yōu)槭裁匆⒁环N理論、進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的觀察或是作一些預(yù)言呢?
4、
解析：
主句為：You have all heard it repeated, 后面三個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句是it形式賓語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容。這三個(gè)that從意義上可以看作一系列連續(xù)的動(dòng)作。
參考譯文：
你們都多次聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)，科學(xué)家是用歸納法和演繹法工作的，而且從某種意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，他們依靠這種方法力求從自然界歸納出某些自然規(guī)律，然后根據(jù)這些規(guī)律，用自己的某種非同一般的本領(lǐng)，建立起他們的理論。
5、
解析：
本句的主干即是Behaviorists suggest that ...；that引導(dǎo)suggest的賓語(yǔ)從句，動(dòng)詞是will experience；who引導(dǎo)修飾child的定語(yǔ)從句，動(dòng)詞為is raised；where引導(dǎo)修飾environment的定語(yǔ)從句，動(dòng)詞為are；which引導(dǎo)修飾stimuli的定語(yǔ)從句，動(dòng)詞為develop。
參考譯文：
行為主義者的看法是，如果一個(gè)兒童在有許多刺激物的環(huán)境里成長(zhǎng)，而這些刺激物能夠發(fā)展其做出適當(dāng)反應(yīng)的能力，那么，這個(gè)兒童將會(huì)有更高的智力發(fā)展。
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