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2012年考研英語翻譯重點之反譯法
中國大學(xué)網(wǎng)考研:一個問題有時可以從不同的角度來解釋說明。有些句子英語是從正面說的,漢語可以從反面來解釋。1)否定譯成肯定。
Eg:
I never passed the theatre but I thought of his last performance.每一次經(jīng)過那家劇院,我都會想起他的最后一次演出。
Eg:
Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among U.S. citizens.美國公民科盲日益嚴重,這種調(diào)查報告幾乎月月都有。(雙重否定)
2)肯定譯成否定。
Eg:
Everyone has the right to be free from hunger.人人有不挨餓的權(quán)利。
Eg:
This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.這種困境將是確定無疑的,因為能源的匱乏使農(nóng)業(yè)無法以高能量消耗、投入少數(shù)農(nóng)民就可能獲得高產(chǎn)的美國耕種方式繼續(xù)下去了。
Eg:
The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.把標準化測試作為抨擊目標是錯誤的,因為在抨擊這類測試時,批評者不考慮其弊病來自人們對測試不甚了解或使用不當(dāng)。
定語從句翻譯法
1)合譯法:把定語從句放在被修飾的詞語之前,從而將英語復(fù)合句翻譯成漢語單句。
Eg:
Congress made public a survey of human rights in 105 countries that receive U.S. aid.國會公布了關(guān)于接受美國援助的105個國家的****情況調(diào)查報告。
2)分譯法:根據(jù)定語從句的不同情況,我們可以將其翻譯成并列分句、其它從句或獨立句等。
Eg:
Anyone who stops absorbing new knowledge is certain to lag behind.任何人如果停止吸取新知識,就肯定會落后。(譯為條件狀語從句)
The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships which require assistance of tugboats.罷工會使遠洋航船不能靠岸,因為他們需要拖船的幫助。(譯成原因狀語從句)
A geological prospecting engineer who had made a spectral analysis of ores discovered a new open-cut coalmine.一位地質(zhì)勘探工程師對光譜進行了分析之后,發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的露天煤礦。(譯為時間狀語結(jié)構(gòu))
The delivery of public services has tended to be an area where we decorate an obsolete process with technology.公共服務(wù)的提供方式已趨陳舊,這正是我們必須采用技術(shù)加以裝備的領(lǐng)域。(譯為并列分句)
We now live in a very new economy, a service economy, where relationships are becoming more important than physical products.現(xiàn)在我們正生活于一種全新的經(jīng)濟,即服務(wù)性經(jīng)濟中,各種關(guān)系越來越比物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品更為重要。(譯為并列分句)
主語從句翻譯法
1)以that, what, who, where, whatever等代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句,可以將從句翻譯成“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)。
Eg:It is important that science and technology be pushed forward as quickly as possible.重要的是要把科學(xué)技術(shù)搞上去。
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.凡是犯法的人都要受到法律的制裁。(主語從句與主句合譯成簡單句,按順序譯出)
2)也可以譯成“主-謂-賓”結(jié)構(gòu),從句本身做句子的主語,其余部分按原文順序譯出。
Eg:
Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之)often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.政府究竟是以犧牲對技術(shù)的經(jīng)費投入來增加對純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費投入,還是相反,這往往取決于把哪一方看作是驅(qū)動的力量。
3)分譯法:把原來的狀語從句從整體結(jié)構(gòu)中分離出來,譯成另一個相對獨立得單句。
Eg:
It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.這個局勢對國際安全是個威脅,這樣的說法是完全正確的。(It是形式主語,that this situation is a threat to international security是真正的賓語)
賓語從句翻譯法
由that, what, how, where等詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句一般按照原文順序翻譯,即順譯法。
Eg:
Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged.科學(xué)家們有理由認為人可以忍受遠超過0.1雷姆的輻射而不受傷害。
Eg:
We wish to inform you that we specialize in the export of Chinese textiles and shall be glad to enter into business relations with you on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.我公司專門辦理中國紡織品出口業(yè)務(wù),并愿在平等互利的基礎(chǔ)上同貴公司建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系。
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