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考研英語語法重難點精解 副詞
副詞可修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語及整個句子。
例句: Andrew, my father?s younger brother, will not be at the picnic, much to the family?s disappointment. (1997年第3題)
分析: 該句是簡單句,其中副詞much修飾介詞短語to the family?s disappointment。
譯文: 我父親的弟弟安德魯不會參加野餐,這令全家人非常失望。
一、副詞的分類
1. 時間副詞,如now, yesterday, today, ago, then, lately, soon, shortly, immediately, finally, recently, before, tomorrow。
例句: Americans today don?t place a very high value on intellect. (選自2004年Text 4)
分析: 該句是簡單句。
譯文: 現(xiàn)在美國人不重視智力。
2. 地點副詞,如here, there, above, below, downstairs, upstairs, home, somewhere, everywhere, elsewhere, down, up, anywhere等。
例句: Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses? convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. (選自2002年Text 1)
分析: 該句是復合句,兩個which引導的定語從句分別修飾an example和a story,前一個 which引導的定語從句為非限制性定語從句,起補充說明作用。
譯文: 比如說,在一次護士大會上,我聽到了一個能很好地發(fā)揮幽默效果的故事,因為所有的聽眾都對醫(yī)生持有相同的看法。
3. 程度副詞,如fairly, rather, very, almost, too, quite, enough, so, much。
例句: She had clearly no intention of doing any work, although she was very well paid.(1997年第34題)
分析: 該句是復合句,although后面跟的是讓步狀語從句。
譯文: 雖然付給她的報酬豐厚,但她無意去工作。
4. 頻率副詞,如sometimes, often, usually, always, frequently, constantly, rarely, seldom, never, occasionally。
例句: In addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design built?in furniture, according to the functions that need to be served.
分析: 該句是簡單句,其中built?in意為“內嵌式的”。在方式狀語中,that need to be served為定語從句,修飾the functions。
譯文: 此外,根據(jù)需要滿足的功能,設計者通常必須選擇家具或設計內嵌式家具。
5.方式副詞,表示動作發(fā)生或進行的方式,如quickly,fast,slowly,suddenly,carefully, well, properly, roughly, angrily, rudely。
例句: You would be shocked if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look like the inside of a restaurant.
分析: 該句是復合句,if引導的從句表示與現(xiàn)在相反的虛擬語氣。
譯文: 如果你的臥室內部突然變得和飯店內部一樣,你可能會大吃一驚。
6.疑問副詞,如when, where, how, why, who。
例句: So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? (選自2002年Text 3)
分析: 該句是特殊疑問句。動詞warn的ing形式作headlines的后置定語,表示一種主動關系。
譯文: 那么這次警告人們經濟蕭條到來的頭版新聞又在哪兒呢?
7.關系副詞,如when,where,why。
例句: Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could recreate the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil Trust was broken up.
分析: 該句是復合句,主句是it is hard to imagine...。其中,it是形式主語,真正的主語是to imagine that...to competition; that were feared nearly a century ago in the U. S.是定語從句修飾the same threats; when the Standard Oil Trust was broken up是非限制定語從句修飾a century ago。
譯文: 然而,目前幾家石油公司的合并是否再次給競爭帶來威脅難以預料。因為美國一個世紀前曾由于合并引發(fā)了一場競爭危機,造成了標準石油托拉斯的解體。
8.連接副詞,如therefore, then, however, otherwise, hence, so, moreover, yet, consequently, besides, nevertheless, when, where, why, how。
例句: It is generally recognized, however, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact on the media was not immediately apparent. (選自2002年Use of English)
分析: 該句是復合句,其中it是形式主語,真正的主語是that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century。 followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s作定語修飾the introduction。 although its impact on the media...是一個讓步狀語從句。
譯文: 然而,人們普遍認為,20世紀初出現(xiàn)的計算機以及隨后在20世紀60年代發(fā)明的集成電路盡管對傳媒的影響沒有立即顯現(xiàn)出來,但卻徹底改變了發(fā)展進程。
9.否定副詞,如rarely,seldom,hardly,scarcely,never。
例句:The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna?and?child image on newsstands this week. (選自2011年Text 4)
分析:該句是簡單句。其中,分詞短語showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby和 holding a cute baby分別作后置定語,修飾cover和mother。
譯文:展現(xiàn)“魅力媽媽懷抱可愛寶寶”的雜志封面并非本周報攤上唯一對“圣母與圣子”形象的描述。
例句: Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed expanding tissues. (選自2008年Text 3)
分析: 該句是復合句,主干部分是Growth demands calories and nutrients to feed expanding tissues。which rarely continues beyond the age of 20是修飾主語growth的非限制性定語從句。后面的破折號起補充說明作用。
譯文: 20歲后很少有人再繼續(xù)長高,長高需要熱量和營養(yǎng),特別是蛋白質,以滿足身體組織生長的需求。
二、副詞的位置
1.修飾形容詞、副詞,副詞常置于它們之前(enough除外)。
例句: The mechanisms at work are manifest in the tendency for such physical activity to utilize the potentially harmful constituents of the stress response. (2000年第14題)
分析: 該句是簡單句,其中不定式to utilize the potentially harmful constituents of the stress response作狀語表示目的。
譯文: 在此起作用的機制顯然有此傾向,即這種身體活動會利用應激反應中的潛在有害因素。
例句: The newly?built Science Building seems substantial enough to last a hundred.
分析: 該句是簡單句,其中副詞enough作定語修飾形容詞substantial。
譯文: 新建的科學大樓看上去很堅固,一百年也壞不了。
2.修飾實義動詞時,副詞常置于該動詞后或該動詞賓語后面。
例句: The solution works only for couples who are self?employed, don?t have small children and get along well enough to spend most of their time together. (1999年第8題)
分析: 該句是復合句,主句部分為the solution works only for couples, 而who are self? employed,...是修飾couples的定語從句。
譯文: 這一解決辦法只適用于那些自謀職業(yè)、沒有小孩子而且大部分時間待在一起和睦相處的夫妻。
3.頻率副詞和否定副詞一般取中間位置,置于實義動詞之前、系動詞be或第一個助動詞之后。
例句: As for the influence of computerization, nowhere have we seen the results more clearly than in the US, which really have surprised us all.
分析: 該句是復合句,which really have surprised us all是一個非限制性定語從句修飾the results,主句中nowhere置于句首引起倒裝。
譯文: 就計算機化的影響而言,其結果在美國比在其他任何地方都明顯,這真使我們驚奇不已。
例句: Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low rate of interest, but loans of this kind are not frequently obtainable. (選自2000年Cloze Test)
分析: 該句是一個由but連接的并列句。
譯文: 他自然會努力去獲取低息貸款,但這種貸款并不是經常能貸到的。
4.有些副詞修飾整個句子,常置于句前,并用逗號與句子的其他成分隔開。
例句: Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. (2007年第46題)
分析: 該句是簡單句,句子的主干部分是legal learning has been viewed as...rather than...。
譯文: 長久以來,法律知識在這類學校里
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