歷年考研英語真題長難句解析1

1. Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.

【譯文】 事實(shí)并非如此，因?yàn)檫@種問法是以人們對(duì)人的權(quán)利有共同認(rèn)識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的，而這種共同認(rèn)識(shí)并不存在。

【析句】這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，主語是it isn't，省略了表語，完整的說法是it isn't a useful, ground-clearing way to start. because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights是一個(gè)表示原因的狀語從句，其表語an agreed account of human rights跟了一個(gè)定語從句which is something the world doesn't have。注意狀語從句中的主語it指代上文的the question，it assumes意思是“這種問題(問法)是假定的”。

【講詞】 account一詞的正確理解是翻譯的關(guān)鍵。an agreed account of human rights意思是“an agreed understanding of human rights”。

agreed意為“一致的”。This is the agreed price at which the stock will be traded.(這是股票交易的約定價(jià)格。)They met at the agreed time.(他們按約定時(shí)間見面。)

2. Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.

【譯文】 有些哲學(xué)家論證說，權(quán)利只存在在于社會(huì)契約中，是責(zé)任與權(quán)益相交換的一部分。

【析句】 Some philosophers argue是句子的主干，賓語是一個(gè)從句，介詞短語as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements是rights的后置定語。

【講詞】 social contract意為“社會(huì)契約”，也可譯為“民約論”或“社會(huì)契約論”，指社會(huì)成員之間或政府與人民之間確定和限制各自權(quán)利和義務(wù)的協(xié)議。

duty意為“義務(wù)，職責(zé)”，與obligation和responsibility同義。obligation通常指特定原因而產(chǎn)生的具體限制，responsibility強(qiáng)調(diào)履行義務(wù)，duty指出于道德或倫理的考慮而受到的限制。

entitle的基本意思是“給……題名,給……稱號(hào);給予……權(quán)利; 使……有資格(做某事)”。

I think she is entitled to praise.(我看她值得贊揚(yáng)。)

The book is entitled Natural Cancer Treatments.(這本書的名稱是《癌癥自然療法》。)

The civil servants in our country are entitled to free medical care.(我們國家的公務(wù)員享受免費(fèi)醫(yī)療。)而entitlements意為“權(quán)利”。

3. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans,or with no consideration at all.

【譯文】這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個(gè)極端，它使人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)這樣對(duì)待動(dòng)物：要么像對(duì)人類自身一樣關(guān)切體諒，要么完全冷漠無情。

【析句】主句是It leads the discussion to extremes，at the outset作時(shí)間狀語。冒號(hào)后面的成分是對(duì)主句進(jìn)一步說明，其賓語是一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句，而在這個(gè)從句中，either…or…是一個(gè)介詞短語，作方式狀語。

【講詞】consideration意為“體諒,考慮;需要考慮的事項(xiàng)”。Your proposal is under consideration.(你的提議正在考慮之中。)Face is a big consideration for Chinese.(中國人非常重面子。)He showed no consideration for his wife.(他從不體諒他的妻子。)

extend意為“延伸;延長;擴(kuò)大;給予”。The bank has promised to extend your company credit.(銀行已經(jīng)答應(yīng)向你們公司提供信用貸款。)The wet weather extended into September.(潮濕陰雨的天氣延續(xù)到九月份。)Please accept our sincere thanks for the courtesy extended to our company.(對(duì)我們一行所受到的禮遇，我們由衷表示謝意。)

4. Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect,extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.

【譯文】 這類極端主義者認(rèn)為人與動(dòng)物在各相關(guān)方面都不相同，對(duì)待動(dòng)物無須考慮道德問題。

【析句】 現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)(Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect)作狀語，主干結(jié)構(gòu)是extremists of this kind think，賓語是一個(gè)從句。

animals lie outside the area of moral choice直譯是“動(dòng)物是在道德選擇的范疇之外”，即“對(duì)待動(dòng)物無須考慮道德問題”。

【講詞】 respect作名詞時(shí)除了“尊重”之外，還可表示“方面”，例如：In many respects this is an important decision.(這在許多方面都是一項(xiàng)重要的決定。)In this respect,I would argue that this is the only decision which could have been made.(從這一方面來說，我認(rèn)為這是唯一可作的決定。)

5. When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.

【譯文】 這種反應(yīng)并不錯(cuò)，這是人類用道德觀念進(jìn)行推理的本能在起作用，這種本能應(yīng)得到鼓勵(lì)，而不應(yīng)遭到嘲弄。

【析句】 句子分兩個(gè)部分，以冒號(hào)隔開。在前一部分中，主干是it is not a mistake，When that happens作時(shí)間狀語。在后一部分中，it is mankind’s instinct是主干結(jié)構(gòu)，介詞短語for moral reasoning in action作mankind’s instinct的后置定語，an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at是mankind’s instinct的同位語，其中that引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)定語從句，修飾an instinct。

【講詞】 instinct意為“直覺”。We sometimes act on instinct.(我們有時(shí)憑直覺行動(dòng)。)Trust your instincts and do what you think is right.(相信你的直覺,按你自己認(rèn)為對(duì)的去做。)

reasoning意為“推理”。His close reasoning gave fibre to his argument.(他嚴(yán)密的邏輯使他的論點(diǎn)強(qiáng)勁有力。)SuperKids has created a small collection of classic mind?challenging games that focus on spatial reasoning.(“超級(jí)兒童”制作了一小部分經(jīng)典的智力游戲，考察空間推理能力。)

6. Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.

【譯文】 很多用來描述貨幣政策的詞，如“引導(dǎo)經(jīng)濟(jì)軟著陸”，“觸動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)剎車”，聽起來像是一門精確的科學(xué)。事實(shí)遠(yuǎn)非如此。

【析句】 在第一個(gè)句子中，其主干為Much of the language…,makes it sound like…。used to describe monetary policy是用于修飾language的定語，后面的such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”對(duì)前面的language作進(jìn)一步說明。第二個(gè)句子是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。

【講詞】 soft landing是一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)術(shù)語，意為“軟著陸”。

Nothing could be further from the truth意思是“沒有什么比這更遠(yuǎn)離事實(shí)”，即“事實(shí)遠(yuǎn)非如此”或“情況并非如此”。

monetary與financial同義，意為“貨幣的;經(jīng)濟(jì)的”，但后者更涉及大規(guī)模金錢的交易。The monetary system of certain countries used to be based on gold.(某些國家的貨幣制度過去一直是金本位的。)

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