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2013考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)精析之虛擬語(yǔ)氣
虛擬語(yǔ)氣的重點(diǎn)是：
1.一些常見的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型或結(jié)構(gòu)。
2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的特殊形式，即用來(lái)表示要求、的建議、的命令、的提議、的意愿等的主語(yǔ)從句、的賓語(yǔ)從句、的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬形式。
3.主從句表示不同的時(shí)間概念、的事實(shí)或假設(shè)情況，從而交錯(cuò)成為復(fù)合虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
4.含蓄條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表示愿望的虛擬形式。
上述四個(gè)要點(diǎn)往往在完形填空或者閱讀理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考這方面的知識(shí)的題目，而在閱讀理解里，我們掌握上述四個(gè)重點(diǎn)對(duì)于我們理解文章的大意和作者態(tài)度很有幫助，了解哪些觀點(diǎn)是作者假設(shè)的、的虛擬的，哪些是真實(shí)的，這樣對(duì)于我們回答關(guān)于作者態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題很有幫助。
下面我們將主要從上述四個(gè)方面來(lái)重點(diǎn)論述在考試中應(yīng)該注意的問題。
一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的常見類型和句型
(1) 由wish引起的表示愿望的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
A.用wish表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的愿望時(shí)，它所引起的`賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)。
B.用wish表示對(duì)將來(lái)的愿望時(shí)，它所引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：would, could, might+ 動(dòng)詞原形。
C.wish用于對(duì)過(guò)去的事實(shí)表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：had+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞或could, would + have +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。
The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.
---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”
---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.”
I wish that he weren’t so lazy.
(2) had hoped引起的賓語(yǔ)從句中備用語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為would+動(dòng)詞原形，表示一種過(guò)去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或令人失望的事。
His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later.
(3) would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的從句中要求用過(guò)去式表示當(dāng)時(shí)或?qū)?lái)的情況，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的情況，表示希望或婉轉(zhuǎn)的責(zé)備。例如：
I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把這封信立刻寄出去。
I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那兒可得太久。
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把這本書還了。
(4) It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that從句中要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，即動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式。
It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.
It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.現(xiàn)在是我們?cè)摻Y(jié)束講座的時(shí)候了。
(5)as, 或者whether…or…謂語(yǔ)多用be的原形，引導(dǎo)讓步虛擬從句，這種用法通常采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：
Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.
The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
(6)由連接詞in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬形式，即should(might, would)+動(dòng)詞原形，例如：
She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那個(gè)嬰兒身上蓋上了毯子以免他著涼。
The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.
(7) if it were not for…與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反， if it had not been for與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，兩個(gè)都相當(dāng)于but for：
If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.
(8) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于as if(though)引起的方式狀語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句中，其動(dòng)詞形式與wish賓語(yǔ)從句的形式相同。例如：She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常發(fā)出發(fā)自內(nèi)心的微笑，而且她那美好的情緒像天上一道明亮的陽(yáng)光一樣，常常流露出來(lái)。
They talked as if they had been friends for years.他們交談著，就好像他們是我年的老朋友一樣。
She looks as if she would cry.她看起來(lái)好像要哭了。
(9)其它各種句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等
If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry.
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