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考研英語(yǔ) 利用真題突破長(zhǎng)難句
眾所周知,任何學(xué)習(xí)都是有層次和梯度的,長(zhǎng)難句的分析也是如此,必須遵循由易到難,循序漸進(jìn)的原則,因此,這里列舉了一些歷年考試中的一些長(zhǎng)難句,對(duì)每一個(gè)經(jīng)典難句都給出了核心詞匯、考點(diǎn)透析、結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)圖、具體分析、技巧點(diǎn)撥和參考譯文,希望通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí),考生可以講難句真正弄透弄懂, 必能將語(yǔ)法知識(shí)融會(huì)貫通,閱讀理解能力也必將有一個(gè)質(zhì)的飛躍! 1.Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.【核心詞匯】
desire [di'zai?] v./n.欲望,愿望,渴望· resource [ri's?:s] n. (pl.復(fù)數(shù)) 資源,財(cái)力 maximize ['mksimaiz] v. 最大化 · profit ['pr?fit] n.利潤(rùn),利益 couple with加上,與……相結(jié)合【考點(diǎn)透析】強(qiáng)調(diào)句、主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句 【結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)圖】 Thus, in the American economic system‖ it is(the demand of individual consumers, coupled 狀語(yǔ) with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their ····· 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(主語(yǔ)) Incomes), that together determine ‖what shall be produced and how resources are used to ··· 謂語(yǔ)··· 賓語(yǔ)從句 produce it. 【具體分析】本句的主干是It is … that… ,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分有三個(gè):the demand of individual consumers(個(gè)體消費(fèi)者的需求), the desire of businessmen to maximize profits(商人追求利潤(rùn)最大化的欲望)和the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes(消費(fèi)者個(gè)人對(duì)收入最大化的欲望),其中coupled with和and起連接作用。在that引導(dǎo)的部分中,determine(決定)作謂語(yǔ),后面的兩個(gè)從句what shall be produced(什么應(yīng)該被生產(chǎn))和how resources are used to produce it(資源怎么用來(lái)生產(chǎn)這些產(chǎn)品)都是determine的賓語(yǔ)從句。 【技巧點(diǎn)撥】按照漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣,英文中的被動(dòng)句往往翻譯成主動(dòng)句,如what shall be produced(什么應(yīng)該被生產(chǎn))和how resources are used to produce it(資源怎么用來(lái)生產(chǎn)這些產(chǎn)品)變成主動(dòng)句(廠家應(yīng)該生產(chǎn)什么和如何利用資源來(lái)進(jìn)行生產(chǎn))就更符合中文的習(xí)慣。 【參考譯文】因此,在美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系中,個(gè)體消費(fèi)者的需求,加上商人追求利潤(rùn)最大化的欲望和消費(fèi)者個(gè)人對(duì)收入最大化的欲望,一起決定了廠家應(yīng)該生產(chǎn)什么和如何利用資源來(lái)進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)。 2.In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. 【核心詞匯】 mechanism ['mek?niz?m] n.機(jī)制· relative ['rel?tiv] a.相對(duì)的,比較的 process ['pr?uses] n.過(guò)程,程序·· in response to作為對(duì)...的反應(yīng)
【考點(diǎn)透析】同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句 【結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)圖】 In the American economy,(this mechanism) is provided by a price system, a process‖ in 狀語(yǔ)···· 主干·· 同位語(yǔ) which prices rise and fall‖ in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies ‖offered 定語(yǔ)從句···· 狀語(yǔ) by seller-producers. 后置定語(yǔ) 【具體分析】本句的主干是this mechanism is provided by a price system(這一機(jī)制是由價(jià)格體系來(lái)提供的),后面的a process(一個(gè)過(guò)程)是a price system的同位語(yǔ),即價(jià)格體系就是一個(gè)過(guò)程,而process后面的which引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾a price system;定語(yǔ)從句的主干是prices rise and fall(價(jià)格上升和下降) ,后面的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)in response to(作為對(duì)...的反應(yīng),也可以意譯為“隨著”) 作狀語(yǔ),修飾rise and fall ,而in response to后面帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ):relative demands of consumers(消費(fèi)者的相對(duì)需求)和supplies offered by seller-producers(銷售-生產(chǎn)商提供的供給)。 【技巧點(diǎn)撥】由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上同一層次的語(yǔ)言單位組成的結(jié)構(gòu),其中前項(xiàng)與后項(xiàng)所指相同,句法功能也相同,后項(xiàng)是前項(xiàng)的同位語(yǔ)。例如,Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. (我們的新老師史密斯先生對(duì)我們很好。)our new teacher是Mr. Smith的同位語(yǔ),指同一人。 【參考譯文】在美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)中,這一機(jī)制是由價(jià)格體系來(lái)提供的。價(jià)格體系是一個(gè)過(guò)程,在這一過(guò)程中,價(jià)格隨著消費(fèi)者的相對(duì)需求和銷售-生產(chǎn)商提供的供給而漲落。
3.In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. 【核心詞匯】
property ['pr?p?ti] n.財(cái)產(chǎn),所有權(quán),性質(zhì)· ownership ['?un??ip]n.所有(權(quán)),所有制 embrace [im'breis] v.包括,包含,擁抱· contract ['k?ntrkt] n.合同;v.收縮 productive resources生產(chǎn)資料【考點(diǎn)透析】并列結(jié)構(gòu)not only… but also(不僅…而且) 【結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)圖】 In the American economy, (the concept of private property) embraces //[陳1] not only the ownership 狀語(yǔ)···· 主語(yǔ)·· 謂語(yǔ)··· of productive resources but also certain rights, //including the right to determine the price of a 賓語(yǔ)······· 定語(yǔ) product or to make a free contract with another private individual. 【具體分析】本句的主干為The concept embraces not only … but also … (私有財(cái)產(chǎn)的概念不僅包含…而且包含…),其中but also certain rights(也包含某些權(quán)力)后面的部分including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with an other private individual(包括產(chǎn)品價(jià)格的決定權(quán),或者和其他個(gè)人自由簽訂合同的權(quán)利)是修飾certain rights的定語(yǔ) ,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明其范圍。 【技巧點(diǎn)撥】right to 為固定搭配表示…的權(quán)力,例如Everyone has the right to live in his own way.(每人都有權(quán)按自己的方式生活)。 【參考譯文】在美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)中,私有財(cái)產(chǎn)這一概念不僅包含生產(chǎn)資料的所有權(quán),而且包含某些權(quán)力,包括產(chǎn)品價(jià)格的決定權(quán)或和其他個(gè)人自由簽訂合同的權(quán)利。 4.Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. 【核心詞匯】
cash register現(xiàn)金出納機(jī),收銀機(jī)··· ring up記錄,打電話 more than不僅僅是····· a range of一些,一系列【考點(diǎn)透析】比較級(jí)more than 的用法 【結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)圖】 (Electronic cash registers )can do //much more than simply ring up sales. (They )can keep// &nbs
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