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考研英語沖刺 閱讀之視角混淆
考研閱讀得分的提高，在很大程度上取決于錯誤選項的辨認(rèn)，因為考研閱讀的錯誤選項的干擾性很強(qiáng)，常使不善分辨的考生輕易掉入陷阱。干擾選項所體現(xiàn)的特征與中國人的思維有關(guān)，所以我稱它們?yōu)橹袊较葳�。關(guān)于閱讀方面的中國式陷阱將從三個方面進(jìn)行論述，今天討論第一個方面： 視角混淆。所謂視角混淆，就是指問題涉及的是一個主體，而選項描述的是另一個主體的特征。例如，選項說到的主體是A，而一個選項描述的是B的特征，這一選項就是干擾選項。視角混淆這一陷阱常出現(xiàn)于作者的觀點(diǎn)與文中其他人的觀點(diǎn)之間，有時也出現(xiàn)于原文兩種相對的人之間，需要加以注意。
例一，
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that’s God.” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”
The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are______.
[A] impolite to new arrivals
[B] very conscious of their godlike role
[C] entitled to some privileges
[D] very busy even during lunch hours
這是一道有名的難題，難點(diǎn)在于問題中提到doctors與nurses兩個主體，不易判斷問題針對的是哪一個。事實上，in the eyes of nurses告訴我們問題問的是護(hù)士們對醫(yī)生怎么看。問題的意思是“關(guān)于醫(yī)生的笑話暗示護(hù)士們認(rèn)為醫(yī)生如何�！边@一笑話在二段，它的含義在二段末句： “噢，那是上帝，但有時候他認(rèn)為自己是個醫(yī)生。”笑話中的醫(yī)生自認(rèn)為是上帝時，舉動很不禮貌：買飯時推人，拿了東西就吃，這樣顯得自己很重要。醫(yī)生的這些舉動代表他們平時的表現(xiàn)，這是護(hù)士們眼中的醫(yī)生形象：沒有禮貌、目中無人，B“醫(yī)生把自己看得像上帝一樣重要”符合此意，為正確答案。C“應(yīng)該享有一些特權(quán)”與原文不符，因為問題是“護(hù)士眼中的醫(yī)生如何”，雖然醫(yī)生認(rèn)為自己應(yīng)該享有特權(quán)，但護(hù)士并不這樣認(rèn)為，所以C是干擾選項。
例二，
With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.” says one expert.
For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do—then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide.
Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?
[A] Lack of counseling. [B] Limited number of visits.
[C] Lower efficiency. [D] Fewer successful matches.
這也是一道難題。能否做對此題，關(guān)鍵在于是否注意到“視角混淆”這一陷阱。問題的意思是 “search agents的不足之處”，這是二段和三段的內(nèi)容。三段開始指出：For any job search, you should start...，但是 “None of these programs do that”，原因是 “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this”(但是所有項目中都不包含職業(yè)咨詢)。A“缺乏咨詢”符合此意，為正確答案。C選項和D選項沒有明確作為search agents的不足之處提出，是干擾選項。B選項的內(nèi)容與原文不符，因為二段末指出增加求職標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就減少了可能性，這不等于說訪問次數(shù)受限，因為是否訪問取決于訪問者本人。當(dāng)然，減少了可能性也不等于求職意向與職位的成功匹配減少，因為可能出現(xiàn)這種情況：增加求職標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使得成功匹配的可能性更大或與不增加時持平。簡而言之，如果根據(jù)問題中的視角“search agents”直接尋找答案就容易得多，因為只有A是原文明確提到的search agents的缺點(diǎn)，而其他幾個選項都是從求職者的角度而言的。
例三，
Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.
According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because
[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending.
[B] the company is financially ill-managed.
[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable.
[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise.
這道題也涉及視角混淆問題，正確答案是D。不少考生選A，原因可能是對問題所要求的視角(小鎮(zhèn)居民的視角)判斷不準(zhǔn)。
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