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模糊閱讀是指要求考生遇到較難語言信息時(shí),只需根據(jù)個(gè)別信息或上下文判斷較難語言信息傳遞的是褒義還是貶義或是肯定還是否定,如此即可。這種閱讀方法對(duì)于理解原文和解決難題都有很大的幫助。那么,這種方法究竟應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)用呢,在此,小編給大家進(jìn)行簡單的介紹。 考 研教育網(wǎng)
第一、利用模糊閱讀法理解原文。
考研學(xué)生一定要明白一點(diǎn),大部分情況下,局部信息的難點(diǎn)不構(gòu)成考點(diǎn),就算構(gòu)成考點(diǎn)也往往是詞匯題,可以通過上下文來解題。越是難的地方越要有把握大方向的意識(shí),這對(duì)于連貫了解行文思路,保證文章理解的完整性都是非常重要的。
例1、
It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans‘ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30 minutes surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great healthcare system can cure death —— and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.(2003年考研真題)
一般的考生看到“Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30 minutes surgical procedure”這句話都會(huì)感到頭大。但是如果引用模糊閱讀法,我們只需要判斷這句話所要傳達(dá)的內(nèi)容是褒義還是貶義,是肯定還是否定!癱an be”和“controlled”這些詞匯都比較簡單,并且能傳遞出正面含義,所以可以判斷這句話傳遞的是一件好的事情,這就夠了。如果不能根據(jù)本句話得出以上分析,那么我們可以擴(kuò)大范圍,利用上下文來分析。比如我們可以利用下文“Such advances offer…”來分析:由于主語是“such advances”,表明上文信息是正面的褒義的,是一件好事,分析到此也就夠了。
例2、
During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.(2007年考研真題)
本段中“a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse”構(gòu)成考生理解的障礙,但是我們不能知道局部信息的精確含義,我們就采用模糊閱讀法。通過“or”一詞我們可以判斷“a pink slip”,“a bad diagnosis”,“a disappearing spouse”三個(gè)部分是并列的,又從bad一詞可以判斷是負(fù)面信息,具有貶義色彩,所以只要理解為這里講了一些不好的事情,這就夠了。模糊閱讀法告訴我們,閱讀高手會(huì)有所為有所不為!
第二、利用模糊閱讀法解決難題。
如果試題是根據(jù)原文中較難理解的內(nèi)容設(shè)計(jì),那么模糊閱讀法就會(huì)顯得更為必要,它會(huì)讓考生把握大方向,跳出令人頭暈的字母串,駕馭式地找到題目的答案。
例1、
When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn‘t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $ 12 to $ 50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy.…
51. By “Ellen Spero isn‘t biting her nails just yet”(Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means_____.
A)Spero can hardly maintain her business.
B)Spero is too much engaged in her work.
C)Spero has grown out of her bad habit.
D)Spero is not in a desperate situation. (2004年考研真題)
本題的關(guān)鍵是選擇A還是D的問題,當(dāng)年38%的學(xué)生選擇A,而40%的學(xué)生選擇D.雖然本題基于原文的精確理解再分析會(huì)有相當(dāng)難度,但是如果運(yùn)用模糊閱讀法,這個(gè)題目就會(huì)變得相對(duì)簡單。本題要求理解第一句話的內(nèi)容,第二句話以“But”開頭,說明第一句與第二句之后的內(nèi)容在含義上應(yīng)該大體是相反的。第二句話雖然有“manicurist”,“filling”, “polishing”等考生較難理解的信息,但是第三句話提供了第二句話并列信息,而且更好理解,從“but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up”我們不難判斷,這里講的是一件負(fù)面的事情,言外之意,與之相反的第一句話應(yīng)該講一件正面的事情才對(duì)。據(jù)此,我們分析A和D選項(xiàng),就能較快判斷 A(Spero幾乎不能維持生意)是負(fù)面的,D(Spero并未處于艱難境地)是正面的,故選擇D.
例2、
For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and share of it borne by families have risen and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families‘ future healthcare.
33.According to the author, health-savings plans will_____.
A)help reduce the cost of healthcare.
B)popularize among the middle class.
C)compensate for the reduced pensions.
D)increase the families‘ investment risk.(2007年考研真題)
解答本題的基本方法是根據(jù)“Both the absolute cost of healthcare and share of it borne by families have risen and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families‘ future healthcare”這句話提供的信息來解答33題。但是很多考生的反應(yīng)是看不懂這個(gè)句子,或理解比較吃力。如果運(yùn)用模糊閱讀法,本題就會(huì)變得簡單多了:
第一步、運(yùn)用“模糊閱讀法”看文章:
(1)我們首先看本句中有沒有體現(xiàn)正面反面或肯定否定的局部語言信息:通過“the absolute cost of healthcare and share of it borne by families have risen”這部分我們應(yīng)該可以了解“成本上升”的信息,是一件不好的事情;緊跟著是“and…”引導(dǎo)的成分,而“and”的功能是表示并列,說明之后說的事情在正面反面或肯定否定上和“and”之前是一致的,綜合來說,整句話講的是一件不好的事情。至此,后面的題目就可以分析出答案了。
(2)如果考生覺得根據(jù)這個(gè)長難句的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析有困難,那么我們可以擴(kuò)大分析范圍,看看上下文。我們剛才分析的長長的難句,之前卻是一句較短較簡單的句子“For younger families, the picture is not any better”(“對(duì)于年輕家庭而言,情況也同樣糟糕”),這句話比較好理解,同時(shí)這句話提示我們兩點(diǎn):第一,后面要講年輕家庭的事情了,第二,內(nèi)容是涉及年輕家庭遇到的負(fù)面事情,這樣我們就更加簡單快捷地了解了剛才這個(gè)長難句所要傳遞的大概感情色彩了,到此后面的題目就有解了!
第二步、利用正反面和褒貶義做題目
剛才是通過模糊閱讀法了解原文表達(dá)負(fù)面情況傳遞貶義色彩,我們?cè)倏磳?duì)應(yīng)的33題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng),發(fā)現(xiàn)A選項(xiàng)中的“help”,B選項(xiàng)中的 “popularize”和C選項(xiàng)中的“compensate for”都是褒義的,講正面的事情,而原文體現(xiàn)的是一件負(fù)面的事情,故選擇D選項(xiàng)。
歸根結(jié)底,模糊閱讀法就是引導(dǎo)考生在做題過程中,學(xué)會(huì)避難就
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