2022考研英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句基礎(chǔ)翻譯練習(xí)
閱讀是考研英語(yǔ)中重要的得分點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的分析則決定了對(duì)閱讀的徹底理解,也是學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法,積累高級(jí)詞匯、句型不可或缺的來(lái)源。而考研英語(yǔ)真題閱讀部分均選自Economists、New Yorker等著名外文報(bào)紙及雜志,其行文和詞匯原汁原味,值得考生細(xì)細(xì)品味和靈活借鑒。為了幫助大家更好的掌握考研英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧,考研教育網(wǎng)編輯團(tuán)隊(duì)做如下總結(jié),希望對(duì)大家有所幫助!
2022考研英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句基礎(chǔ)翻譯練習(xí)
第一句:
Markets have lost faith that the euro zone‘s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation. (2011. 閱讀。 Text 4)
【譯文】人們?cè)嘈,歐元區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)體,無(wú)論弱國(guó)或強(qiáng)國(guó),只要本著使用統(tǒng)一貨幣的原則,就能避免了那些缺乏競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的國(guó)家采取貨幣貶值這一權(quán)宜之計(jì),就能有朝一日實(shí)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一。如今市場(chǎng)已經(jīng)喪失了這種信念。
【析句】多重復(fù)合句,主句為Markets have lost faith,faith后緊跟that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,從句的主句是the euro zones economies will converge thanks to……,逗號(hào)后是which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾the discipline of……。注意,從句中的weaker or stronger作插入語(yǔ),而thanks to是介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。
第二句:
It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference. (2011. 閱讀。 Text 4)
【譯文】德國(guó)主張經(jīng)濟(jì)合作應(yīng)該包括所有27個(gè)歐盟成員國(guó)。但歐盟中有一半多一點(diǎn)的國(guó)家信奉自由市場(chǎng)主義和嚴(yán)格的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策。就歐盟核心成員國(guó)而言,德國(guó)擔(dān)心上述國(guó)家會(huì)支持法國(guó)的干預(yù)。
【析句】多重復(fù)合句,句子的重點(diǎn)放在insists后的賓語(yǔ)從句上。從分號(hào)可以看出,從句有兩個(gè)分句構(gòu)成,前者的主句為economic co-ordination should involve……the EU club, among whom介詞+先行詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,whom指代the EU club;第二個(gè)分句的主干為German fears a small majority favour……,fears后是省略了that的賓語(yǔ)從句。
第三句:
It is stuck because the euro zone‘s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies. (2011. 閱讀。 Text 4)
【析句】陷入僵局原因在于,歐元區(qū)的兩大主導(dǎo)力量-法國(guó)和德國(guó)一致同意有必要在歐元區(qū)內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)更大的協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一,但在對(duì)哪些方面進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一這個(gè)問(wèn)題上又存在分歧。
【析句】多重復(fù)合句,主句很簡(jiǎn)短It is stuck,重點(diǎn)在because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,從句的主句為the euro zones dominant powers agree on……but disagree about……。英語(yǔ)句子中,當(dāng)前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的主語(yǔ)相同,第二個(gè)動(dòng)作可省略主語(yǔ),使行文更簡(jiǎn)潔,銜接更緊湊。
第四句:
The relationship between humans and the land we live on has evolved over hundreds of years, but no period has involved such rapid change as the past century ,when we began using land in new ways..
首先,解句子第一步先解決掉里面的生詞
evolve v.發(fā)展
period n. 時(shí)期
rapid adj.迅速的
century n. 世紀(jì)
那接下來(lái)咱們第二步該做什么呢?對(duì)于這種長(zhǎng)難句,難點(diǎn)之一就在于它太長(zhǎng)了,所以為了方便理解,接下來(lái)我們就應(yīng)該去對(duì)它進(jìn)行斷句,當(dāng)然斷句并不是按照我們想當(dāng)然來(lái)斷句的而是有一定得標(biāo)志,所以第一步即是找標(biāo)志,段長(zhǎng)句,其中存在的非常天然的一個(gè)標(biāo)志即是標(biāo)點(diǎn),然后連詞,最后短語(yǔ),并且斷句還需要滿足一個(gè)長(zhǎng)度適中,結(jié)構(gòu)完整的原則,長(zhǎng)度適中幫助我們較輕松的理解句子,結(jié)構(gòu)完整幫助我們正確的理解。那么先看我們這句子里面沒(méi)有逗號(hào),然后考慮連詞或者短語(yǔ),連詞斷句又要注意是在連詞構(gòu)成的從句的開始還是結(jié)尾處斷。所以可以斷句為:
、賂he relationship between humans and the land we live on /②has evolved over hundreds of years, /③but no period has involved such rapid change as the past century/ ,④when we began using land in new ways.
首先,兩個(gè)逗號(hào)處可以斷句,但斷完后第一個(gè)逗號(hào)前還是比較長(zhǎng),在哪兒斷呢?我們找找從屬連詞,發(fā)現(xiàn)沒(méi)有,那這個(gè)時(shí)候就考查同學(xué)們定語(yǔ)從句的識(shí)別了,land 和we 之間沒(méi)有修飾關(guān)系,而且we后還有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞live,那這個(gè)時(shí)候其實(shí)就是land 和we之間省略了that,和后面的live on 構(gòu)成從句修飾land,那么我們就能在從句結(jié)束處on后斷句,前面的長(zhǎng)度就合適了。
接下來(lái)就要。抓主干,識(shí)從句。①between...and短語(yǔ)修飾relationship放在它的前面,另外we live on是省略that的定語(yǔ)從句修飾land,也需要放在land 前,②句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞has evolved,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)over hundreds of years;③句,no period主語(yǔ),has involved謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,such rapid change賓語(yǔ),as the past century比較狀語(yǔ);④when we began using land in new ways,作為定語(yǔ)修飾century,從句內(nèi)we主語(yǔ),began using謂語(yǔ),land賓語(yǔ),in new ways方式狀語(yǔ),第三步,調(diào)語(yǔ)序,這句話的意思就是:
人類與我們所居住的這片土地之間的關(guān)系已經(jīng)發(fā)展了成千上萬(wàn)年了,但是沒(méi)有哪個(gè)時(shí)期像上世紀(jì)那樣發(fā)生如此巨大的變化,在上世紀(jì)我媽們開始以新的方式使用土地。
第五句:
As a discovery claim works its way through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.
重難點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥:
斷句:①As a discovery claim works its way through the community, // ②the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved //③transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery. (標(biāo)點(diǎn)斷句:逗號(hào);短語(yǔ)斷句)
語(yǔ)法分析:句子①中,as時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句, 從句中主語(yǔ)為 a discovery claim,謂語(yǔ)為 works,賓語(yǔ)為way,through the community為從句狀語(yǔ)。部分②為主句主語(yǔ),核心部分為并列結(jié)構(gòu)the interaction and confrontation,between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved 為接續(xù)的兩個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾the interaction and confrontation。③主要為主句的謂語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)部分,謂語(yǔ)為transforms...into...,把...轉(zhuǎn)變成...。
難點(diǎn)分析:從詞匯上來(lái)看,該句當(dāng)中涉及到的單詞難度都不低,大多屬于考研核心詞匯,所以完全理解這句話要求有一定的詞匯量?jī)?chǔ)備;從語(yǔ)法角度上看,該句的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)并不十分復(fù)雜,主要涉及到的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)為as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,介詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ),以及并列結(jié)構(gòu)。
核心詞匯在備考過(guò)程中,不同于基礎(chǔ)詞匯,需掌握盡量多的詞義以及熟詞僻義,核心詞備考的重點(diǎn)在于識(shí)記核心詞的核心含義。
as作為狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞,意義還是比較多的。比如讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的盡管,原因狀語(yǔ)從句的因?yàn)椋绞綘钫Z(yǔ)從句的正如,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的當(dāng),需根據(jù)語(yǔ)義判斷。本句中as引導(dǎo)的為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,理解成“當(dāng)”或者“隨著”。
The interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved核心為并列結(jié)構(gòu)the interaction and confrontation, between shared and competing beliefs介詞短語(yǔ)修飾并列結(jié)構(gòu),about the science and the technology involved介詞短語(yǔ)修飾beliefs。理解上按照從后往前的順序進(jìn)行。
主句主語(yǔ)為并列結(jié)構(gòu),并列結(jié)構(gòu)主要的特點(diǎn)為結(jié)構(gòu)相似,成分相同。
翻譯:當(dāng)一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明在該領(lǐng)域中取得成功時(shí),關(guān)于科技共有或競(jìng)爭(zhēng)信念之間的交流和對(duì)抗使得一個(gè)個(gè)人發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明轉(zhuǎn)變成了該領(lǐng)域內(nèi)可靠的發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明。
第六句:
The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to—Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever—had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.(2010 text 1)
針對(duì)這類句子,同學(xué)們首先得把一整個(gè)長(zhǎng)句斷為自己能夠理解的小結(jié)構(gòu),斷句的依據(jù)可以是標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),例如逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)、冒號(hào)、分號(hào)等;也可以找到句子中的連詞,包括并列連詞和從屬連詞,根據(jù)并列句/并列結(jié)構(gòu),或者是從句進(jìn)行斷句;如果實(shí)在不行,同學(xué)們還可以找出文中的短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行斷句。下面我們就一起來(lái)練習(xí)利用以上斷句的標(biāo)志來(lái)斷本句。
The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to—//Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever—//had invested hundreds of millions of dollars// finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives //that corporations could use to introduce new routines.(2010 text 1)
緊接著,讓我們一起來(lái)分析一下這個(gè)句子的成分。該句中,主干部分為“The companies had invested hundreds of millions of dollars”。剩下的“that Dr. Curtis turned to ” 為定語(yǔ)從句,修飾companies;“—Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever”則為插入語(yǔ),指的是前文中的“companies”; finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives ”做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ);“that corporations could use to introduce new routines”為定語(yǔ)從句,修飾“the subtle cues”。
在本句中,定語(yǔ)從句是翻譯的重點(diǎn),是針對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句,給大家介紹“大8小8”翻譯技巧:我們根據(jù)以往的翻譯經(jīng)驗(yàn),以8為一個(gè)界限,當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的詞數(shù)小于8個(gè)詞,把定語(yǔ)從句翻譯到其修飾的名詞之前,加上一個(gè)“的”;而當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句大于8詞時(shí),則把定語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行順譯,將其從屬連詞翻譯成代詞“這,這些”等。當(dāng)然,也可以根據(jù)實(shí)際槍框靈活應(yīng)用這個(gè)翻譯技巧。所以下面,我們一起來(lái)看看本文中重點(diǎn)單詞以及翻譯:
單詞:
Turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向;求助
Procter & Gamble 寶潔
Colgate-Palmolive 高露潔
Unilever聯(lián)合利華
Subtle 細(xì)微的;微妙的
Cue線索
Consumer 消費(fèi)者
Routine 生活習(xí)慣
根據(jù)以上翻譯方法和單詞,整個(gè)句子翻譯如下:
Curtis博士求助的公司—寶潔、高露潔和聯(lián)合利華—已經(jīng)投資了數(shù)億美元,用來(lái)挖掘消費(fèi)者生活中細(xì)微的線索,這些線索是公司可以用來(lái)引進(jìn)新的生活習(xí)慣的。
理解長(zhǎng)難句需要恒心和耐心,一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)去積累和提升,希望同學(xué)們能堅(jiān)持每天去練習(xí)、理解長(zhǎng)難句,幫助大家早日攻克考研英語(yǔ)這個(gè)難關(guān)!
第七句:
Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this enjoyment should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure guaranteed to damage our health.
句子主干:the food police are determined。(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ))
修飾成分:Yet as we report now是定語(yǔ)從句;that this enjoyment should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure是賓語(yǔ)從句;guaranteed to damage our health是后置定語(yǔ),修飾pleasure。
翻譯:然而,正如我們現(xiàn)在所報(bào)道的,食品監(jiān)管局確信這種樂(lè)趣又是另一種必定會(huì)損害我們健康的“罪惡的”快樂(lè)。
第八句:
The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has issued a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked at high temperatures.
句子主干:The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has issued a public warning(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ))。
修飾成分: about the risks of a compound called acrylamide是后置定語(yǔ),修飾warning;that forms in some foods cooked at high temperatures定語(yǔ)從句,修飾acrylamide。
翻譯:食品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局(FSA)已就一種被稱為丙烯酰胺的化合物帶來(lái)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)發(fā)出公開警告,這種化合物會(huì)在一些食物高溫烹飪過(guò)程中形成。
第九句:
The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than 900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than 210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.
句子主干: The Dutch giant Elsevier made profits of more than 900m last year; UK universities alone spent more than 210m in 2016; both figures seem to rise unstoppably(三句話并列)。
修飾成分:which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than 900m last year定語(yǔ)從句,修飾Elsevier; to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research目的狀語(yǔ);despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them讓步狀語(yǔ)。
翻譯:荷蘭科學(xué)出版巨頭Elsevier聲稱出版了全球25%的科學(xué)論文,去年利潤(rùn)超過(guò)9億英鎊,而僅英國(guó)的大學(xué)2016年就花費(fèi)了超過(guò)2.1億英鎊以使研究者能訪問(wèn)他們自己的公共資助研究成果;盡管人們?cè)絹?lái)越迫切地試圖改變,但這兩個(gè)數(shù)字似乎還在不斷上升。
第十句:
The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.
句子主干:The success of Sci-Hub shows(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))。
修飾成分:which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed定語(yǔ)從句,修飾the success of Sci-Hub;the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed賓語(yǔ)從句;so that it works for all participants結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。
翻譯:Sci-Hub的成功依賴于研究人員可以傳播他們自己合法獲取的副本,這表明合法的科學(xué)出版生態(tài)系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)在用戶中失去了公正合理性,所以必須得到改變以服務(wù)所有參與者。
第十一句:
The charter’ s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.
重點(diǎn)單詞詞組:
Charter:憲章
Enforcement:加強(qiáng),執(zhí)行
Deny:否認(rèn) 反義詞acknowledge
Access:進(jìn)入
Copenhagen Fashion Week:哥本哈根時(shí)裝周
Danish Fashion Institute:丹麥時(shí)裝協(xié)會(huì)
語(yǔ)法知識(shí):本句話主干
The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access+ which定語(yǔ)從句
可進(jìn)一步根據(jù)核心名詞縮減為 Tool is to deny access+ which 定語(yǔ)從句
翻譯:該憲章主要的執(zhí)行手段是拒絕設(shè)計(jì)師和模特兒經(jīng)紀(jì)公司進(jìn)入由丹麥時(shí)裝協(xié)會(huì)舉辦的哥本哈根時(shí)裝周。
第十二句:
While polls show Britain rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare, and the National Health Service as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.
重點(diǎn)單詞詞組:
Poll:民意調(diào)查
Royal:皇室的
Shakespeare:莎士比亞
National Health Service:國(guó)民醫(yī)療服務(wù)制度
擴(kuò)展:world health organization 世界衛(wèi)生組織
語(yǔ)法知識(shí):本句話主干: this has limited political support。
難點(diǎn)在于while 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中有一個(gè)固定詞組 rate...as(把...看作)
和四個(gè)并列成分。
翻譯:盡管民意調(diào)查顯示,英國(guó)人把鄉(xiāng)村,皇室,莎士比亞和國(guó)民醫(yī)療服務(wù)制度列為國(guó)家最讓他們自豪的4個(gè)方面,但是這種觀點(diǎn)得到的政治支持卻極為有限。
第十三句:
Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms political influence rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: companies that contributed more to political campaigns, did not receive lower fines.
重點(diǎn)單詞詞組:
Analysis:分析,動(dòng)詞是analyze
Rule out:排除
Possibility:可能性, 形容詞是possible
Political influence: 政治影響力
Account for:對(duì)...有責(zé)任/對(duì)...做出解釋
Leniency:寬大,仁慈
Contribute to:促進(jìn),名詞contribution,貢獻(xiàn)的意思
Campaign:運(yùn)動(dòng)
Fine:名詞,罰款的意思
語(yǔ)法知識(shí):本句結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜,主干:Their analysis ruled out the possibility。后邊是possibility 的定語(yǔ)從句,解釋這種可能是什么;
在定語(yǔ)從句有一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句it was that;
后邊冒號(hào)同位語(yǔ)從句主干是 companies did not receive lower fines,中間嵌套一個(gè)關(guān)于companies的一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。
翻譯:他們的分析排除了這種可能性:是公司的政治影響力,而不是他們的企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任的立場(chǎng)導(dǎo)致了寬松處理,因此,為這次運(yùn)動(dòng)做出了貢獻(xiàn)的公司,并沒(méi)有得到較低的罰款。
第十四句:
Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.
語(yǔ)法點(diǎn):同位語(yǔ)從句,介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),A of B結(jié)構(gòu)
重要單詞:
Publisher---出版商
responded---回答,回應(yīng)
charging--- 收 ; 要價(jià)
costs---支付費(fèi)用
解析:本句考察了同位語(yǔ)從句的辨別以及介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的識(shí)別與翻譯,以及A of B結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯方法。本句句子較長(zhǎng)且沒(méi)有標(biāo)點(diǎn),所以在翻譯時(shí)我們可以根據(jù)。從屬連詞that以及介詞短語(yǔ)to cover the cost 來(lái)簡(jiǎn)單斷句。文中出現(xiàn)的that引導(dǎo)的從句,此處并不能簡(jiǎn)單的判斷為定語(yǔ)從句。此處要考慮到兩種從句的不同,雖然前面均為修飾名詞但。同位語(yǔ)從句在從句中并不做任何成分,只是對(duì)前面的名詞進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明。句中可以判斷出,此處為同位語(yǔ)從句翻譯時(shí)用冒號(hào)或單破折號(hào)表示即可。此外介詞短語(yǔ) by charging their writers fees是作為前面 make their product的狀語(yǔ),所以在翻譯時(shí)要前置到make前,譯為"通過(guò)向作家收取費(fèi)用,來(lái)向讀者免費(fèi)提供產(chǎn)品"。
譯文:出版商這項(xiàng)要求作出了回應(yīng): 他們通過(guò)對(duì)讀者免費(fèi)提供產(chǎn)品向作家收取費(fèi)用,以支付準(zhǔn)備文章的費(fèi)用。
第十五句:
But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for them- selves—goals that pose a real challenge.
【詞匯突破】utility 運(yùn)用; supervision 監(jiān)管
【主干識(shí)別】they will have to operate and be able to make a few decisions. 并列的兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)由and 連接;
【其他成分】But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility狀語(yǔ);with less human supervision狀語(yǔ);at least狀語(yǔ);goals that pose a real challenge整個(gè)句子的同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)goals 被定語(yǔ)從句修飾;
【譯文賞析】但是如果機(jī)器人能在下一個(gè)階段達(dá)到節(jié)省人工的運(yùn)用,它們將必須在更少的人力監(jiān)督之下工作,而且還要至少能夠自己做出幾個(gè)決定--這些目標(biāo)才會(huì)帶來(lái)真的挑戰(zhàn)。
第十六句:
One leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.
【詞匯突破】authority 權(quán)威harness 使……停止的意思;和stop 可以互換但是更加正式的表達(dá);還有一個(gè)單詞是curb,這個(gè)單詞表示控制的意思相當(dāng)于control,原意是韁繩的意思,這個(gè)單詞為考研?荚~。conscious 有意識(shí)的 intensely powerful mental event在原文中就等于dreams;
【主干識(shí)別】one leading authority says that+賓語(yǔ)從句;
【其他成分】賓語(yǔ)從句的主干是these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control; 并列連詞not only …but also…連接兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞harnessed 和 brought;to help us sleep and feel better 為目的狀語(yǔ)
【譯文賞析】而一名知名人士認(rèn)為,這些極其強(qiáng)烈的大腦活動(dòng)不僅可以被抑制,實(shí)際上還可以受到意識(shí)的控制,進(jìn)而幫助我們睡眠,使我們感覺(jué)好一些。
第十七句:
Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time.
【詞匯點(diǎn)睛】estimate 估量,評(píng)估
Not A…but B 不是……而是……
【主干識(shí)別】Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass but changes.
【其他成分】括號(hào)中的內(nèi)容對(duì)biomass的同步解釋和說(shuō)明;而of species和in particular parts of the ocean做后置定語(yǔ)修飾biomass, in that biomass over time后置定語(yǔ)修飾changes;estimate的賓語(yǔ)為the actual biomass 和changes的并列,并列連詞為but , 在英語(yǔ)閱讀中,大家要注意這種由于長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)的分割而產(chǎn)生閱讀的障礙;
【譯文賞析】他們的研究方法并不是想估計(jì)出某些特定地區(qū)魚類的實(shí)際生物量(活的生物總量),而是估計(jì)出這些生物量隨著時(shí)間發(fā)生的變化。
【翻譯點(diǎn)撥】多個(gè)定語(yǔ)在修飾著changes因此順序應(yīng)該調(diào)整。
第十八句:
A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs” had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.
語(yǔ)法點(diǎn):賓語(yǔ)從句,介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),A of B結(jié)構(gòu),并列結(jié)構(gòu)
重要單詞:
subscription---訂閱費(fèi)
steadily ---穩(wěn)定地;不斷地
inflation---通貨膨脹 ; 通脹率
preparation---準(zhǔn)備 ; 預(yù)備
解析:這里需要注意的依然有A of B結(jié)構(gòu),此句中的 A of B結(jié)構(gòu)為 the cost of subscriptions and of these" article preparation cost".但是此劇中還添加了一個(gè)both,形成both and的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。其實(shí)此處添加both不影響翻譯時(shí)的實(shí)際意義,只是特指后面指出的是訂閱費(fèi)和備讀文章費(fèi)兩個(gè)費(fèi)用。在翻譯時(shí)可將這兩個(gè)費(fèi)用調(diào)整至costs前,譯為"訂閱費(fèi)和這些未讀文章費(fèi)的費(fèi)用"…。此外,本句中還考察了that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的翻譯方法。此處的賓從雖然很長(zhǎng),但是;谫e從本身的特點(diǎn),我們可以直接順譯下來(lái)。
譯文:去年的一份報(bào)告指出,訂閱費(fèi)和“備讀文章費(fèi)”的費(fèi)用一直在以高于通脹率的速度穩(wěn)步上升。
第十九句:
Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France.
語(yǔ)法點(diǎn):定語(yǔ)從句,介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)
重要單詞:
Senate---參議院
digital---數(shù)字的
multinationals---跨國(guó)公司
impose ---推行,采用
consumer---消費(fèi)者
解析:本句中考察了兩處定語(yǔ)從句的識(shí)別以及介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)的識(shí)別與翻譯。第1處定語(yǔ)從句由which引導(dǎo),至that前結(jié)束;第2處定語(yǔ)從句由that引導(dǎo)至France。兩處從句夾雜在一個(gè)句中形成從句嵌套的現(xiàn)象,所以關(guān)于此處的定語(yǔ)從句識(shí)別,我們應(yīng)采用合適的辦法進(jìn)行調(diào)整。對(duì)于which引導(dǎo)的句子,可以利用大8原則順譯即可,對(duì)于that引導(dǎo)的句子由于句子較短,可以利用小8原則調(diào)整至其所修飾的名詞即"multinationals"前。此外,句中還多次出現(xiàn)介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)象: In France修飾前面的consumers or users,可譯為"在法國(guó)的消費(fèi)者或用戶"; to consumer or users做provide的狀語(yǔ),翻譯時(shí)可前置至provide前,譯為"對(duì)消費(fèi)者或用戶提供數(shù)字服務(wù)"。
譯文:上周四,法國(guó)參議院通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)數(shù)字服務(wù)稅,將對(duì)向法國(guó)消費(fèi)者或用戶提供數(shù)字服務(wù)的大型跨國(guó)公司征收新的稅收資金。
第二十句:
But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the United States trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies, which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.
語(yǔ)法點(diǎn): 介詞短語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)從句,定語(yǔ)從句
重要單詞:
sparked---引發(fā) ; 觸發(fā) ; 冒火花
significant---有重大意義的 ; 顯著的
controversy---爭(zhēng)論
discriminates---區(qū)別 ; 辨別
in turn---繼而;轉(zhuǎn)而
investigation---調(diào)查;學(xué)術(shù)研究
解析:本句話中考察了介詞短語(yǔ)的辨別與翻譯,以及句中夾雜whether引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句和為此引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯。其中以whether引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)比較長(zhǎng),短語(yǔ)中還夾雜了 whether引導(dǎo)的小狀語(yǔ)從句,乍看可能會(huì)覺(jué)得手足無(wú)措,但是,在發(fā)現(xiàn)了whether這個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞之后,我們就可以在這里先斷句,由此長(zhǎng)句信息變短,語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)拆分完整,我們就可以化長(zhǎng)為短,依次將各部分內(nèi)容翻譯出來(lái)。后面還緊跟一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,此時(shí)我們要仔細(xì)辨別該從句所指代的信息是什么,縱觀內(nèi)容,得出指代的是前文句子,所以此處定語(yǔ)從句用大8原則即可,做順譯處理。除了語(yǔ)法信息外,此句包含的重要單詞。也常常出現(xiàn)在其他相關(guān)題目中,也需熟讀熟記。
譯文:但這已經(jīng)引發(fā)了很大爭(zhēng)議,隨著美國(guó)貿(mào)易代表開始調(diào)查這項(xiàng)稅收是否歧視美國(guó)公司,此事可能導(dǎo)致對(duì)法國(guó)的貿(mào)易制裁。
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