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考研英語(yǔ)：語(yǔ)法大全(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞-will,would,ought)
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Will
可用于各人稱，表示“意志”、“意愿”、“決心”、“允諾”等。如：
I will try.我愿一試。
I will do my best.我一定盡力而為。
We will never do it again.我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)再做此事了。
Which will you fake？你要哪一個(gè)？
Who will go with me？誰(shuí)愿和我一同去？
will在疑問(wèn)句中用子第二人稱時(shí)
這時(shí)句子表示說(shuō)話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或詢問(wèn)。如：
Will you please explain the sentence once more？請(qǐng)你再把這個(gè)句子解釋一遍好嗎？
Will you have western food or Chinese food，Mr. Smith？史密斯先生，你吃西餐還是中餐？
Will you pass me the butter？請(qǐng)你把黃油遞給我好嗎？
注意下面句中的won't亦表請(qǐng)求：
Won't you come in ？請(qǐng)進(jìn)來(lái)好嗎？
注一：在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中須用現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)表將來(lái)，但當(dāng)will用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表意愿時(shí)，則亦可用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句，如I'll be glad if you will come.（你如愿來(lái)，我將會(huì)很高興）。
注二：will在下面句子中= I suppose（我猜想）或probably（大概）。如：
This will be the room you are looking for.這大概就是你要找的那個(gè)房間。
You will remember the story I told you the other day.你們大概還記得我那天給你們講的那個(gè)故事。
注三：will有時(shí)表示一種習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：
Water will boil at 100 degrees Centigrade.水總是在攝氏100度煮沸。
Boys will be boys.男孩子總是男孩子。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞——would
Would
是will的過(guò)去式，可用于各人稱，表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的“意志”、“愿望”和“決心”等。如：
He declared that he would do everything to help us.他說(shuō)要盡一切可能來(lái)幫助我們。
I told peter that I would go along wit him.我告訴彼得我要跟他一塊去。
All in e doctors and nurses told Dr. Bethune not to give his own blood to the wounded， but he wouldn't listen.和護(hù)士勸白求恩大夫不要把自己的血輸給傷員，但是他不聽(tīng)。
would用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間時(shí)
這時(shí)would不論是表達(dá)說(shuō)話人本身的意志或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求，均較will婉轉(zhuǎn)。如：
Would you tell us something about yourself？請(qǐng)跟我們談?wù)勀阕约汉脝幔?/p>
Would you like to have a glass of wine？你要喝杯酒嗎？
Would you please tell me the way to the nearest bus-stop？請(qǐng)告訴我去最近的公共汽車(chē)站怎么走好嗎？
Would you mind helping me with my packing？請(qǐng)你幫我打打行李好嗎？
注：在日常會(huì)話中，I would like to和I should like to都可以說(shuō)，I would like的簡(jiǎn)略式為I'd like.如：
I should （would） like to have a look at the new television set.我想看看這架新電視機(jī)。
I'd like to borrow a copy of Alice in Wonderland.我要借一本《愛(ài)麗絲漫游奇境記》。
Would還可以表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
I found that retired persons would often go to the park to play chess.我發(fā)現(xiàn)退休的人經(jīng)常到公園里下棋。
When he had a problem to solve，he would work at it until he found an answer.當(dāng)他有個(gè)問(wèn)題要解決時(shí)，他總是想辦法一直到找到答案為止。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞——ought
ought
ought只有一種形式，后面須跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。Ought表示“有義務(wù)或必要”做某件事，還可表示“勸告”。如：。
You ought to follow the old man's advice.你應(yīng)當(dāng)聽(tīng)那位老人的話。
You oughtn't to smoke so much.你不應(yīng)當(dāng)抽煙太多。
You ought to go to the clinic at once. You don't look well.你臉色不好，應(yīng)該馬上到醫(yī)務(wù)室去。
注：ought表示“應(yīng)該”，語(yǔ)氣比should強(qiáng)。
ought后加動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式時(shí)
指過(guò)去的動(dòng)作。如用肯定形式（ought to have done），表示某一件事該做而未做，相當(dāng)于should have done.如用否定形式（ought not to have done），則表示一件不該做的事情發(fā)生了，相當(dāng)于should not have done.如：
He ought to have done the exercise more carefully.這個(gè)練習(xí)他應(yīng)當(dāng)作得更細(xì)心一些。
I ought to have returned these books to the library last week.我上星期就應(yīng)當(dāng)把這些書(shū)還給圖書(shū)館。
You ought not to have been so rude.你不該這樣粗魯。
You ought not to have taken his skates without asking him.你不該沒(méi)有得到他的許可就把他的冰鞋拿走。
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