考研英語(yǔ):語(yǔ)法大全(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞-dare/need)
dare (敢)
的用法和其他動(dòng)詞有所不同。dare用于否定句或疑問句中時(shí),其用法和其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣,即dare本身無(wú)變化,后面所跟的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。如:
They dare not tell the truth.他們不敢說(shuō)真話。
Dare he admit his mistake? 他敢于承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤嗎?
He dared say no more。他不敢再說(shuō)了。
但是dare用在肯定結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí),后面的動(dòng)詞不定式可加to。如:
Young people should dare to think,dare to speak and dare to act.青年人要敢想、敢說(shuō)、敢干。
[注一]在否定句或疑問句中,dare也可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,用助動(dòng)詞do來(lái)幫助,后面的動(dòng)詞不定式可帶to。如:
Do they dare to do it? 他們敢做這事嗎?
The enemy did not dare to come out after dark.敵人夜間不敢出來(lái)。
[注二]注意下面將兩種不同動(dòng)詞揉合在一起的.說(shuō)法。如:
I didn't dale come.我不敢來(lái)。
Who dares stop me? 誰(shuí)敢阻攔我?
[英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法手冊(cè)]情態(tài)動(dòng)詞--need
need(需要)
的用法與dare幾乎完全相同。即在否定句或疑問句中,和其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣,本身無(wú)變化,后面用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式;在肯定句中時(shí),和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一樣,后面的動(dòng)詞不定式要帶to,第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)加-s,并有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。如:
Need we return the magazines today?我們今天需要把雜志還回去嗎?
Every member needs to pay only a little money a year to get medical care.每個(gè)成員每年只需繳一點(diǎn)錢就可以得到醫(yī)療。
You need not write down your translation. You may do it orally. 你們不必寫下這個(gè)翻譯練習(xí),口頭做就行了。
[注]與dare一樣,在否定句或疑問句里,need也可和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞相同,用助動(dòng)詞to do來(lái)幫助,后面的動(dòng)詞不定式必須帶to。如:
Do they need to take any tools with them? -No., they don't need to.他們需要帶工具嗎? --不需要。
He did not need to go there early that day. 那天他不必早去。
need后面有名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)
完全用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,表示"需要"或"缺乏"某件事物。這時(shí),它的變化和一般實(shí)義動(dòng)詞完全相同。如:
I need a dictionary.我需要字典。
You need a hair-cut. 你該理發(fā)了。
Do you need a fountain-pen? 你需要一支自來(lái)水筆嗎?
I don't need a new jacket. 我不需要一件新茄克衫。
Mary looks tried,she needs a rest. 瑪麗看上去累了,需要休息。
Needn't后加動(dòng)詞不定式(不帶to)的完成式時(shí)
指過(guò)去已做了但勿須做的動(dòng)作。如:
You needn't have watered the vegetables,as it is going to rain.你滿可以不必澆菜,天要下雨了。
You needn't have brought your umbrella. We are going by taxi你滿可以不必帶傘,我們要坐出租汽車去。
[注一]注意didn't have to和didn't nee to則常表示過(guò)去未做也勿須做的動(dòng)作。如:
I didn't have to interpret it for her,for she knows Chinese.我勿須為她翻譯,她懂漢語(yǔ)。
I didn't need to take a taxi; it is only five minutes walk to the station.到車站只須走五分鐘,我不需要坐出租汽車。
[注二] used to和had better也可看作是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞used to表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣,但現(xiàn)在已無(wú)此習(xí)慣(would表過(guò)去習(xí)慣時(shí)則無(wú)此含義)。如:
When I was young,I used to play football.我小時(shí)常踢足球。
He didn't use to come. (或用usedn't to)他過(guò)去不常來(lái)。
Did he used to come? (亦可說(shuō)used he to...?)他過(guò)去常來(lái)嗎?had better表可取,意為"應(yīng)該"或"最好"。如:
We had better go now. 我們最好走吧。
You'd better stop now.你現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該停下來(lái)。(對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩不可用had better)
Hadn't we better go now? 我們現(xiàn)在走不好嗎?(had better一般不用于肯定疑問句)
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