英語語言結(jié)構(gòu)的對稱現(xiàn)象（安慶懷寧）

英語語言結(jié)構(gòu)的對稱現(xiàn)象（安慶懷寧）3月20日 英語語言在表達(dá)某些特定意義的時候，常呈現(xiàn)出結(jié)構(gòu)的對稱現(xiàn)象。這種結(jié)構(gòu)使讀者感受到英語語言的對稱美，從而增強(qiáng)語言的感染力，達(dá)到一種強(qiáng)化內(nèi)容意義的修辭效果。熟悉這種結(jié)構(gòu)能幫助學(xué)習(xí)者提高對英語語言的欣賞能力與運(yùn)用能力。下面的這些結(jié)構(gòu)都表現(xiàn)出這種對稱現(xiàn)象。

一、表達(dá)愛好、選擇、判斷方面的對稱結(jié)構(gòu)

1.prefer…to…與perfer…rather than…結(jié)構(gòu)

1)Do you prefer(the new one) to (the old one?)(代詞對稱)

2)At this time of day,Iprefer (tea) to (coffee) .(名詞對稱)

3)I prefer (walking) to (cycling).(動名詞對稱)

4)I perfer (to work) rather than (remain idle).(不定式對稱)

2.would rather/had rather…than…結(jié)構(gòu)

5)She would rather have (the small one) than the (large one).(代詞對稱)

6)I would rather read (a novel) than (a poem).(名詞對稱)

7)I would rather (play) tennis than (swim).(動詞對稱)

8)Jim would rather go to class (tomorrow) than (today).(副詞對稱)

3.rather than結(jié)構(gòu)

9)Evans is (a historian) rather than (a writer).(名詞對稱)

10)It ought to be (you) rather than (me) than signs the lettr.(代詞對稱)

11)These shoes are (comfortable) rather than (pretty).(形容詞對稱)

12)He was engaged in (writing a letter) rather than (reading the newspaper).(動名詞短語對稱)

13)We are doing this (for our brother villages) rather than (for ourselves).(介詞結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)稱)

14)He (ran) rather than (walked).(動詞對稱)

15)It was (what he meant) rather than (what he meant) rather than (what he said).()

16)I decided to (write) rather than (telephone).(不定式對稱)

17)It is important (to increase) wages.(不定式對稱)

4.instead of結(jié)構(gòu)

18)Shall we (fish) instead of (meat) today?(名詞對稱)

19)Things would be (better) instead of (worse).(形容詞對稱)

20)We'll have tea (in the garden) instead of (in the house).(介詞結(jié)構(gòu)對稱)

如果instead of后面接表示動作意味的詞，一般要用動名詞。如：

I stayed in bed all day instead of going to work.

She went shopping instead of having lunch.

但為了對稱可以用其它有關(guān)相應(yīng)的動詞形式。如:

He proposes to do some work instead of to watch

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