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從2005高考題看What的運(yùn)用
2005年山東英語(yǔ)高考試題中有如下一道試題：
26． The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _______ he thought was not enough.
A. where B. how
C. what D. which
此題考查了what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的用法，what在從句中作主語(yǔ)。
所以正確答案為C。what的用法是近幾年高考的熱點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。常見用法如下：
一、 what用作關(guān)系代詞，也即連接代詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句, 可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)
1. 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句
例1 What made the school proud was that more than 90％ of the students had been admitted to key universities. 使學(xué)校驕傲的是90％的學(xué)生被重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取。
例2 What makes the matter worse is that it begins to rain. 更糟糕的是開始下起雨來(lái)了。
2. 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句
例3 ---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game ?
---Oh, that’s what makes me feel excited.
例4 The city is not what it used to be. 這個(gè)城市不再是先前的模樣了。
3. 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句
例5 A man’s worth lays not so much in what he has as in what he is. 人的價(jià)值不在于他有什么，而在于他是怎樣的人。
例6 After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 好像過了幾個(gè)小時(shí)以后，他面帶苦笑走了出來(lái)。
二、 what 用作關(guān)系形容詞，作定語(yǔ)。意為“所…… 的全部,任何的”；與little、few 連用時(shí)，其含義多為“雖然少，但把所有的都…… ”
例7 The home improvements have taken what little there is of my spare time. 家庭環(huán)境的改善占去了我僅有的一點(diǎn)業(yè)余時(shí)間。
例8 Don’t worry. I will give you what help I can. 別擔(dān)心，我一定盡我所能幫你。
例9 I will lend you what few reference books I can spare. 我愿把我用不著的雖然為數(shù)不多的參考書全部借給你。
三、 what慣用句式：A is to B what C is to D （比喻結(jié)構(gòu)）A對(duì)B之關(guān)系猶如C對(duì)D之關(guān)系
例10 Air is to us what water is to fish. 空氣對(duì)于我們猶如水對(duì)于魚。
例11 What salt is to the food, wit and humour a
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