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從句與非謂語動(dòng)詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
定語從句和非謂語動(dòng)詞是高中階段重要的兩大語法項(xiàng)目。定語從句的應(yīng)用可以使語言表達(dá)更精確更生動(dòng)，顯得使用者具有較高的英語文化底蘊(yùn)，以下是小編精心整理的從句與非謂語動(dòng)詞的相互轉(zhuǎn)換，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。
本文對英語語法中從句和非謂語動(dòng)詞之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換問題進(jìn)行詳細(xì)、系統(tǒng)的分析和總結(jié),旨在從淺顯易懂的例句中找出普遍統(tǒng)一的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)律,從而提高中國學(xué)生在口語表達(dá)和書面表達(dá)上的多樣性和準(zhǔn)確性.
1、定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成不定式
1.1定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成不定式“to do”。
定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是將來時(shí)或含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或含有序數(shù)詞the next， the last等時(shí)，該定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為不定式“to do”.
�。�1）The plane which will arrive is from Hubei.
The plane to arrive is from Hubei。
�。�2）The students will go to a party that will be held in our class at 7：45.
The students will go to a party to be held in our class at 7：45.
（3）He was the first boy who came to school.
He was the first boy to come to school.
1.2定語從句可轉(zhuǎn)換成為“介詞+關(guān)系代詞或副詞+不定式”。 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句和“介詞+關(guān)系代詞或副詞+不定式”充當(dāng)?shù)亩ㄕZ，可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。被這種定語修飾的名詞往往在邏輯上充當(dāng)不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間或工具。例：
�。�1）She wanted a room in which she could do her homework.
She wanted a room in which to do her homework.
�。�2）She had only a pen with which she can write.
She had only a pen to write with.或She had only a pen with which to write.
注：定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞+ 關(guān)系代詞+不定式”時(shí)，此時(shí)的不定式一定是及物動(dòng)詞，如是不及物動(dòng)詞，則需在動(dòng)詞后面加上相應(yīng)的介詞。這個(gè)介詞可提前到關(guān)系代詞前面，也可留在句尾。前者是正式說法后者是非正式說法。而且上例中動(dòng)詞不定式與句子主語之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，否則就不能簡單地把作定語的不定式都變成此結(jié)構(gòu)。
“He is looking for a place for his friend to live in”這句話。我們就不能將句中的a place for his friend to live in改為a place to live in或a place in which to live。
2、定語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為分詞（短語）
當(dāng)以關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句作定語，且關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，我們可以將定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成分詞（短語）。
2.1定語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）
如果定語從句的謂語是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，且發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句的謂語所表示的動(dòng)作所發(fā)生的時(shí)間同時(shí)，此時(shí)可以將定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成現(xiàn)在分詞短語）。
（1）Have you ever talked to the girl who is dancing to music over there？ Have you ever talked to the girl dancing to music over there？
�。�2） The question that is being discussed is about how to improve living conditions.
The question being discussed is about how to improve living conditions.
2.2定語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為過去分詞（短語）
如定語從句的謂語是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，或是“系動(dòng)詞+過去分詞（表語）”結(jié)構(gòu)，且從句的謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是在主句的謂語之前發(fā)生或無明確的時(shí)間。此時(shí)，我們可以將定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成過去分詞（短語）。有時(shí)定語從句謂語雖然是主動(dòng)語態(tài).但它表示的動(dòng)作在主句謂語之前就已經(jīng)完成，這時(shí)我們可以將定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成過去分詞（短語）。
（1）The report that was made yesterday will be discussed today.
The report made yesterday will be discussed today.
�。�2）The dictionary which my mother bought for me is very useful.
The dictionary bought for me by my mother is very useful.
但以下幾種情況，一般不可把定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為分詞（短語）。
1.雖關(guān)系代詞作定語從句的主語，但如從句的謂語中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則不能轉(zhuǎn)換成分詞（短語）。
Those who must hand in their homework before 12 are studying hard now.
此句不宜轉(zhuǎn)成：Those handing in their homework before 12 are studying hard now.
2.如關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語，且從句謂語是完成時(shí)的主動(dòng)語態(tài)，一般不轉(zhuǎn)換成分詞（短語）。
例：The engineer who has finished his design is about to visit Hawaii.此舉不宜轉(zhuǎn)化為： The engineer having finished his design is about to visit Hawaii.
3.以關(guān)系代詞which或as引起的非限制性定語從句，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞指的是前面整個(gè)句子，將這個(gè)非限制性定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成分詞（短語），其邏輯主語是其前面或后面的整個(gè)句子，但分詞在這個(gè)在句子里結(jié)果狀語。
例 ：The boys parents died， which left him an orphan.
His parents died， leaving him an orphan.
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