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英漢諺語對(duì)比研究
英漢諺語對(duì)比研究
【摘要】： 諺語從廣義上講包括一個(gè)民族或一個(gè)地區(qū)廣為流傳的民諺俗語和格言名句。從整體上講，諺 語基本上是一個(gè)民族千百年來全體人民在生產(chǎn)和生活當(dāng)中所產(chǎn)生的智慧的積淀與結(jié)晶，因而 具有較強(qiáng)的群眾基礎(chǔ)和旺盛的生命力。諺語不僅在民間廣為傳播，而且還頻繁地出現(xiàn)于各種 形式的文學(xué)作品當(dāng)中。在現(xiàn)代媒體諸如報(bào)刊雜志、影視廣播當(dāng)中也隨處可見諺語的蹤影。另 外，諺語具有音美、形美、意美的特征且包羅萬象，堪稱一部高度濃縮的百科全書。從語言 形式上看，諺語往往措辭簡(jiǎn)練、對(duì)仗工整、充分使用各種修辭方式。從音韻角度來看，諺語 又富有樂感、音韻和諧、便于記誦。用語或典雅莊重或生動(dòng)活潑、充滿著生活氣息。作為民 族文化的高度濃縮，諺語內(nèi)容覆蓋面極為廣闊，可謂包羅萬象、蔚為大觀。窺一斑而見全豹， 透過諺語這一特殊語言文化層面，我們可以看到一個(gè)民族在其社會(huì)、文化、心理、以及哲學(xué) 思辯等方面所獨(dú)具的風(fēng)采與魅力。簡(jiǎn)言之，諺語具有言簡(jiǎn)意豐的特點(diǎn)，富有思想性、藝術(shù)性、 哲理性。因此，諺語的重要性不容忽視。 正是基于對(duì)諺語重要性的充分認(rèn)識(shí)，本文選擇了對(duì)英漢諺語作相對(duì)系統(tǒng)的對(duì)比研究。通過比 較和對(duì)比，我們不僅可以更好地了解英語諺語和漢語諺語的諸多方面，而且對(duì)于兩者相似與 相異之處也會(huì)產(chǎn)生更深的認(rèn)識(shí)。對(duì)比研究的成果對(duì)于外語教學(xué)，對(duì)外漢語教學(xué)和翻譯等實(shí)踐 活動(dòng)無疑具有相當(dāng)?shù)慕梃b意義。另外，該研究也具有一定的理論意義。它將不僅拓寬對(duì)比語 言學(xué)的研究領(lǐng)域而且也會(huì)為文化語言學(xué)（或語言與文化研究）提供一個(gè)嶄新的研究視角�？� 以毫不夸張地說，英漢諺語對(duì)比研究既具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義也具有理論意義。然而，英漢諺語對(duì)比 研究并沒有得到足夠的重視。到目前為止，僅有一些相關(guān)的論文散見于各種學(xué)術(shù)刊物或論文 集當(dāng)中。專論性著作尚未問世。與英漢成語（或習(xí)語）對(duì)比研究相比顯得尤為滯后。為此， 本文作者嘗試著對(duì)該領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行相對(duì)系統(tǒng)性的研究。限于篇幅及作者的水平，本文還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)談不 上全面與深入。事實(shí)上，本文僅就英漢諺語的幾個(gè)主要方面進(jìn)行探討。 全文共分為七章。第一，二章可以看作論文的引論部分。它為后面各章的討論提供了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與 原理。其中，第一章，通過討論英漢諺語各自的界定及特征從而提出了本研究所涉及到的英 漢諺語的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
第二章著重討論了對(duì)比語言學(xué)的界定與原理。另外，第一，二章還探討了一 些有爭(zhēng)議的問題。比如：漢語中的諺語和俗語；比較語言學(xué)與對(duì)比語言學(xué)的相同相異之處以 及兩者的關(guān)系，等等。第三章至第六章可以看作論文的主體部分。其中第三章到第五章分別 從主要來源，句法特點(diǎn)和語體特點(diǎn)等三個(gè)方面對(duì)英漢諺語進(jìn)行了對(duì)比研究。第六章討論了英 漢諺語在形式與內(nèi)容方面的對(duì)應(yīng)，半對(duì)應(yīng)與不對(duì)應(yīng)情況。通過這四章的研究，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)盡管 英漢諺語在很多方面有相似之處，但是由于兩種語言與文化存在著差異，英漢諺語必然也會(huì) 體現(xiàn)出各自的特征。第七章可以看作論文的結(jié)束語部分。通過廣泛吸收各種翻譯理論并充分 利用本文主體部分對(duì)英漢諺語對(duì)比研究之所得，作者在本章提出了文學(xué)作品中諺語翻譯的主 要原則。因此，第七章也體現(xiàn)了英漢諺語對(duì)比研究現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的一個(gè)方面，即它對(duì)翻譯活動(dòng)的 借鑒作用。
【關(guān)鍵詞】：英語諺語 漢語諺語 對(duì)比研究 翻譯
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2001
【分類號(hào)】
http://www.msguai.com ：H03【目錄】：
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? Chapter One: Criteria of English and Chinese Proverbs in this Thesis10-27 1．1 Definitions and Characteristics of English Proverbs10-20 1．1．1 Definitions of English Proverbs10-12 1．1．2 Major Characteristics of English Proverbs12-20 1．1．2．1 English Proverbs are Idiomatic Expressions on the Sentence Level12-15 1．1．2．2 English Proverbs often Contain Truth, Wisdom, Counsel or Warning15-18 1．1．2．3 English Proverbs are often Compressed in Form, Figurative in Language, and Pleasant in Sound Effect18
1．1．2．4 English Proverbs Enjoy Wide Popularity, Frequently Appear in Daily Speech or other Forms of Mass Media18-20
1．2 Delimitation and Characteristics of Chinese proverbs20-25
1．2．1 Yan-yu and Su-yu in Chinese20-24
1．2．2 The Counterpart of English Proverbs in Chinese should Include Yan-yu and Su-yu24-25
1．2．3 Major Characteristics of Chinese Proverbs25
1．3 Criteria of English and Chinese Proverbs in this Thesis25-27
Chapter Two: Definition and Principles of a Contrastive Approach27-35
2．1 Definition of a Contrastive Approach27-32
2．1．1 Contrastive vs．Comparative27-32
2．1．1．1 Definitions of a Contrastive Approach and a Comparative Approach27-29
2．1．1．2 Similarities, Differences and Relations between a Contrastive Approach and a Comparative Approach29-32
2．2 Principles of a Contrastive Approach32-35
Chapter Three: Major Sources of English and Chinese Proverbs35-49
3．1 Major Sources of English Proverbs35-41
3．1．1 General Remarks35-36
3．1．2 Major Sources of English Proverbs36-41
3．1．2．1 Most English Proverbs are of Folk Origin36-39
3．1．2．2 Many English Proverbs are from Classic Works39-40
3．1．2．3 Some English Proverbs are Translation Loans From other Languages40-41
3．2 Major Sources of Chinese Proverbs41-47
3．2．1 General Remarks41-42
3．2．2 Major Sources of Chinese Proverbs42-47 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? 3．2．2．1 Most Chinese Proverbs are Originated from the Daily Speech of the Common People42-43
3．2．2．2 Many Chinese Proverbs are Attributed to Literary Works and Other Forms of Classics43-46
3．2．2．3 Some Chinese Proverbs ars Borrowed from other Languages，particularly those of the Ethnic Minorities Living in China46-47
3．3 A Summary47-49
Chapter Four: Major Syntactic Features of English and Chinese Proverbs49-60
4．1 Major Syntactic Features of English proverbs49-54
4．1．1 General Remarks about the Syntactic Structures of English Proverbs49-50
4．1．2 Major Syntactic Features（Structures） of English Proverbs50-54
4．1．2．1 Ellipsis50
4．1．2．2 Inversion50-51
4．1．2．3 Postponement of Attributive Clause51
4．1．2．4 Preserving some Syntactic Features of Old English （focus on ”it is．．．that” structure）51-53
4．1．2．5 Imperative Structure53
4．1．2．6 Balanced Structure53-54
4．2 Major Syntactic Features of Chinese proverbs54-59
4．2．1 Representative Views on the Syntactic Features of Chinese Proverbs54-56
4．2．2 Major Syntactic Features of Chinese proverbs56-59
4．2．2．1 Most Chinese Proverbs are Composed of one or two Clauses, seldom three or more56
4．2．2．2 Subjectless Structure56-57
4．2．2．3 Balanced Structure57-58
4．2．2．4 Compacted Structure58-59
4．3 A Summary59-60
Chapter Five: Major Stylistic Features of English and Chinese Proverbs60-69
5．1 Major Stylistic Features of English Proverbs60-65
5．1．1 Brevity is the Soul of English Proverbs61-62
5．1．2 Rhetoric Devices Abound in English Proverbs62-63
5．1．3 Colloquialism is the Predominant Stylistic Feature of English Proverbs63
5．1．4 The Flavor of Archaism in Some English Proverbs Should not be Ignored63-64
5．1．5 A Summary64-65
5．2 Major Stylistic Features of Chinese Proverbs65-68
5．2．1 Colloquialism is the Basic Stylistic Feature of Chinese Proverbs65-66
5．2．2 A certain Number of Chinese Proverbs are quite Formal and Elegant66
5．2．3 Most Chinese Proverbs Employ Figures of Speech66-68 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
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? 5．3 A Summary68-69 Chapter Six: Corresponding Phenomena between English ＆ Chinese Proverbs69-77 6．1 Different Views on the Issue69-70 6．2 Corresponding and Non-Corresponding Phenomena between English and Chinese Proverbs70-77
6．2．1 Corresponding Proverbs71-73
6．2．2 Semi-corresponding proverbs73-75
6．2．2．1 Close in Meaning, Divergent in Expression73-74
6．2．2．2 Similar in Expression, Divergent in Meaning74-75
6．2．3 Non-corresponding Proverbs75-77
Chapter Seven: Major Principles for the Translation of Proverbs77-89
7．1 Principles of Translation77-78
7．2 Principles for the Translation of Proverbs78-87
7．2．1 Be Faithful to the Content of the Proverbs in the Source Language78-81
7．2．1．1 Thorough Understanding of the Proverbs in the Source Language78-80
7．2．1．2 Reproducing in the Receptor Language the Closest Natural Equivalent in Content80-81
7．2．2 Preserving the National （Historical-cultural） Colorings in the Source Language81-85
7．2．2．1 In the Interpretation of Daily Speech, the National Colorings of the Source Proverbs can be Ignored owing to the Limitation of Circumstances82
7．2．2．2 While Translating Proverbs in Literary Works, the National Flavor should be Preserved Whenever Possible82-84
7．2．2．3 Literal Translation is Preferred in Literary Works84-85
7．2．3 Be Faithful to the Original Style, in cluding Colloquialism and Archaism85-87
7．2．4 Taking other Factors into Consideration to Ensure that the Translated Version of the Source Proverbs Sound and Look like Proverbs in the Receptor Language87
7．3 A Summary87-89
Bibliography89-92
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