關(guān)于語法填空題的解題方法
“語法填空”從樣題的命題形式來看，“語法填空”題仍屬于國外一直使用的一種完形填空題，在國內(nèi)的傳統(tǒng)練習(xí)和測試中也很常見。一般認為，這種不提供選擇項的“語法填空”題比這些年來高考采用的提供選擇項的完形填空題的難度略大。但也有人認為，這種無選擇項“語法填空”題由于沒有干擾項反倒有利于考生更好地發(fā)揮其英語水平。
解“語法填空”題的一般步驟是：
一、瀏覽全文 把握語篇 瀏覽全文的目的是把握其大意，為下一步“填空”做好“語義”上的準備，因為“語義”決定著空白處應(yīng)填一個什么意思的詞語并采用什么樣的語法形式。在通讀全文的過程中，為較好地把握其大意，很有必要弄清該文的體裁、題材(語題)、中心思想、寫作主線、段落大意、段落層次等。這些有利于考生真正讀懂全文大意，也有利于在“填空”時進行必要的邏輯推理。
二、邊讀邊填 先易后難 在通讀全文，基本了解文章大意之后，就可以動手填空了。填空的過程是一個判斷空白處應(yīng)填詞語的“語義”(已給出詞語的除外)和正確的語法“形式”的思維過程。遇到一時想不起來的空，先跳過去，等檢查時再仔細對付，不要用太多的時間停留在一個單詞上。
三、驗證復(fù)查 清除難點 有時間的話，進行復(fù)查是必要的。復(fù)查的方法是：將所有答案“填進”短文并進行通讀，以最后確定答案。
另外，一題多解也是此種題型常遇到的問題之一。
語法填空專練 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)上下文填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語，或使用括號中的詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡上標號的相應(yīng)位置。 (1)Using Garbage as a Fuel Garbage can be a good fuel to use. The things in garbage do not look ____1___ coal, petroleum, or natural gas, __2_____ they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels(礦物燃料). As we use up our fossil fuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as _____3___ energy source.
Burning garbage is not a new idea. Some cities in Europe and the United States _____4__( burn) garbage for years. The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water. The steam _____5___ is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings. In Paris, France, some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the city’s garbage each year. The ____6____ of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil!
But there are problems in using garbage as a fuel. Garbage that burns _____7___(easy), such as food and paper, must be separated from metals, glass, and other materials that do not burn easily. Another problem is that burning garbage can _____8____ the air.
Our fossil fuel supplies are ____9____. Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs. This method could also reduce the amount of garbage ___10____(pile) up on the earth.
【參考答案】 1.like 2. but 3. an 4. have been burning 5. that 6. amount 7. easily 8. pollute 9. limited 10. piling
垃圾是一種很好的燃料。垃圾看起來不像煤、石油或天然氣，但他們的化學(xué)成分和礦物燃料類似。當(dāng)我們用完礦物燃料時，我們或許可以把垃圾當(dāng)作能源來用。
燃燒垃圾并不是一種新的想法。歐洲和美國的一些城市燃燒垃圾已經(jīng)有很多年了。燃燒垃圾產(chǎn)生的熱量被用來燒水。產(chǎn)生的蒸汽則用來發(fā)電或給附近的大樓供熱。在法國巴黎，一些電站每年要燒掉200萬公噸的城市垃圾。產(chǎn)生的能量差不多相當(dāng)于燃燒50萬桶石油!
但是以垃圾作為燃料有一些問題。有些垃圾很容易燃燒，比如食物廢料和紙制品，但他們必須要和金屬、玻璃和其他不容易燃燒的物質(zhì)分離開。另一問題就是燃燒垃圾會污染空氣。
我們的礦物燃料供應(yīng)有限。燃燒垃圾或許是一種能源資源，我們可以用它來滿足對能源的需求。這種方法也可以減少地球上垃圾的堆積量。
(2)The Most Influential Book in My Life The Story of My Life by Helen Keller is the most __1____(influence) book in my life. It is filled with courage, struggle and faith throughout. Helen Keller was once in deep despair in her __2____, but finally she decided to overcome her physical defects and live happily. Furthermore, she showed great patience__3____ her long and hard learning period.
I have learned, above all, three lessons from her story. First, she taught me that often the road to success is to face hardships __4____(bravety). Maybe you are born under an ill star yet you can stand a better chance __5____ others. It is therefore important that you screw up your courage__6____? courage is needed. Second, the impairment of part of her senses did not stop__7____ learning: on the contrary, she had made continual __8____ to go deeper into the realm of knowledge, and her perseverance had thus helped her overcome many handicaps. __9____, she advised that we should make the most of our sense-organs as if we __10____(lose) them soon because this way we would observe the world more carefully than ever before.
【參考答案】 1.influential 2.childhood 3.in 4.bravely 5.than 6.when
7. her 8.efforts 9.Third 10.would lose
【譯文】對我一生最有影響的書
海倫寫的'《我的生活故事》是對我一生影響最大的一本書。此書全篇充滿了勇氣，奮斗和信仰。海倫?凱勒童年時曾經(jīng)一度十分消沉，但是最后她決定克服自己生理上的缺陷去快樂地生活。而且她十分耐心地完成了漫長而艱難的學(xué)習(xí)過程。
最重要的是，從她的經(jīng)歷中，我領(lǐng)悟到了三個道理。首先，她教給我成功之路上經(jīng)常要勇敢地面對艱難困苦�；蛟S你一生下來身體就有缺陷，但是你依然可以得到比別人更好的機會。因此重要的是當(dāng)需要勇氣的時候，你必須鼓起自己的勇氣。第二，她感官上的某些缺陷并沒有阻止她的學(xué)習(xí)，相反地，她不斷地努力去鉆研知識，堅韌不拔的精神幫助她克服了很多障礙。第三，她建議我們應(yīng)該很好地利用我們的感官，就好像我們馬上就要失去他們一樣，因為這樣我們就會比以前更仔細地觀察這個世界。
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