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高中英語語法ing分詞講解(2)

時(shí)間:2024-10-06 01:09:03 學(xué)人智庫 我要投稿
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高中英語語法ing分詞講解(2)

  6) -ing分詞作補(bǔ)語:

高中英語語法ing分詞講解(2)

  ①--ing分詞可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等動(dòng)詞后面和一個(gè)名詞或代詞構(gòu)成一個(gè)復(fù)合賓語,作賓語補(bǔ)語。如:

  I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.

  我下車的時(shí)候注意到一個(gè)男人匆匆忙忙地從銀行里跑出來。

  Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop.

  昨晚,店主在商店里抓到一個(gè)小孩在偷東西。

 、谏厦孢@類句子也可變成被動(dòng)語態(tài),這時(shí),-ing分詞可看成是主語補(bǔ)語。如:

  We were kept waiting for quite a long time. 讓我們等了好長時(shí)間。

  Jily was never heard singing that song again. 人們?cè)僖矝]有聽到吉麗唱這首歌了。

  5. -ing分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):

  -ing分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)通常由物主代詞、人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或者名詞的普通格+-ing分詞構(gòu)成,在句子開頭時(shí)必須用物主代詞和名詞所有格,通常在句中作主語和賓語。如:

  His coming made us very happy. 他的到來使我們大家都很高。

  He was awakened by someone’s knocking at the door. 他被某人的敲門聲吵醒了。

  1. –ing分詞作主語和表語時(shí)與不定式的區(qū)別:

  -ing分詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語和表語的主要區(qū)別在于:在表示比較抽象的一般的多次性行為時(shí)多用-ing分詞;在表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作,特別是將來的動(dòng)作時(shí),多用不定式。如:

  Smoking is forbidden here. (泛指吸煙)這里禁止吸煙。

  It’s not good for you to smoke so much. (指你吸煙)吸這么多煙對(duì)你的身體不好。

  My job is teaching. 我的工作是教書。

  My job is to teach you English this term. 我這一學(xué)期的工作是教你們英語。

  2. 高中階段能接-ing分詞作賓語的常見動(dòng)詞:

  mind(介意), suggest(建議), enjoy(欣賞,), admit(承認(rèn)), appreciate(感激,欣賞), avoid(避免), delay(推遲), dislike(不喜歡,厭惡), escape(逃脫), finish(完成), forgive(寬恕), imagine(想象), keep(保持), miss(錯(cuò)過), practise(訓(xùn)練), resist(抵抗,抵制), risk(冒險(xiǎn)), deny(拒絕,否認(rèn)), consider(考慮)等。

  3. 有些動(dòng)詞既能接不定式,又能接-ing分詞,含義有所不同。如:

  ①forget, remember, regret等詞后面接不定式表示不定式動(dòng)作后于謂語動(dòng)作,而后接-ing分詞作賓語表示分詞動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)作。如:

  Do you remember seeing me before? 你記得以前見過我嗎?

  Remember to lock the door when you leave. 離開時(shí)要記得鎖門。

 、趧(dòng)詞mean, stop, try, go on等動(dòng)詞后面接分詞和接不定式作賓語,意思也有所不同。如:

  I try not to think about that. 我盡量不去想那件事。

  Would you please try doing that again? 請(qǐng)你再試一次好嗎?

  I mean to change it for another one. 我想換成另外一個(gè)。

  Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 誤了這班車就意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí)。

  Having finished the exercises, we went on to learn the new words in the next unit.

  做完練習(xí)以后,我們繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)下一單元的單詞。

  After a short rest, they went on working. 短暫地休息以后,他們又繼續(xù)工作。

  He stopped talking when the bell rang. 鈴響的時(shí)候,他停止了講話。

  While working, he stopped to talk with Tom at times. 工作的時(shí)候,他不時(shí)地停下來和湯姆談話。

  注意:有時(shí)人們把stop后的動(dòng)詞不定式理解為目的狀語。

 、蹌(dòng)詞allow, advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟-ing分詞作賓語,不可以接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語,但可接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語。如:

  Please permit me to say a few words. 請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我說幾句話。

  We don’t permit smoking here. 我們這兒不允許吸煙。

 、軇(dòng)詞need, require, want作“需要”解時(shí),后面接-ing分詞或不定式的被動(dòng)式。如:

  The room wants cleaning/to be cleaned. 這個(gè)房間需要打掃。

  These little children require looking after carefully/to be looked after carefully.

  這些小孩需要細(xì)心地照料。

 、輨(dòng)詞like, hate, prefer等后面,如表示一般性動(dòng)作,多用-ing分詞;如指特定的具體的某次動(dòng)作,多用不定式。如:

  I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim with you. 我喜歡游泳,但我不喜歡和你一起游泳。

  I prefer walking to school every day. 我情愿每天步行去學(xué)校。

  I prefer to stay at home today. 今天我情愿呆在家里。

 、迍(dòng)詞begin, start后面,如表示有意識(shí)地開始做某事,常用-ing分詞,否則用不定式更多一些。如:

  We began to do that job last year. 我們?nèi)ツ觊_始做那工作的。

  They started talking about the film at once. 他們立刻開始談?wù)撃遣侩娪啊?/p>

  注:下面幾種情況多用不定式作賓語:

  a. 當(dāng)start, begin本身用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)。

  When the teacher came into the room, he was starting to write to his parents.

  老師走進(jìn)教室的時(shí)候,他正開始寫信給他的父母親。

  b. 當(dāng)start, begin后接表示心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)。

  Hearing the news, he started to think of a good way to solve the problem.

  一聽到消息,他就開始考慮一個(gè)好辦法來解決這個(gè)問題。

  c. 當(dāng)句子的主語是無生命的東西時(shí)。

  We were about to leave when it began to rain. 我們正準(zhǔn)備離開,天開始下雨了。

  4. -ing分詞作表語的兩種不同含義:

 、-ing分詞作表語可以表示主語的內(nèi)容是什么。如:

  Their job is building houses. 他們的工作是蓋房子。

  The real question is getting to know the needs of the people. 真正的問題是了解人民的需要。

 、-ing分詞作表語還可以表示主語所具有的特征。如:

  This story is very interesting. 這故事很有趣。

  The problem is quite puzzling. 這個(gè)問題很令人困惑。

  ①–ing分詞作定語可用來說明被修飾的名詞的用途和性能。如:

  reading material 閱讀材料 walking stick 手杖 fishing pole 魚桿

  flying suit 飛行服 writing table 寫字臺(tái) listening practice 聽力訓(xùn)練

  ②-ing分詞作定語還可以表示所修飾的人或物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),在意思上接近一個(gè)定語從句,可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,也可表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。如:

  developing countries = countries that are developing 發(fā)展中國家

  a growing city = a city that is growing 發(fā)展著的城市

  an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起來很普通的房子

  a touching story = a story that is touching 一個(gè)動(dòng)人的故事

  working people= people who are working 勞動(dòng)人民

  6. 不定式和-ing分詞作賓語補(bǔ)語的區(qū)別:

  在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官動(dòng)詞后,既可用-ing分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語,也可用不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語,兩者之間有一定的區(qū)別。用-ing分詞時(shí),表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;用不定式時(shí),表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了,即動(dòng)作的全過程結(jié)束了。如:

  Do you hear someone knocking at the door? (Someone is knocking at the door.) 有人在敲門你聽見了嗎?

  Do you hear someone knock at the door? (Someone knocked at the door just now.) 你聽見有人敲門了嗎?

  7. 高中階段常見的帶介詞to的短語,后接-ing分詞或名詞。如:

  admit to(承認(rèn)), contribute to(捐助、貢獻(xiàn)), get down to(著手做), give way to(讓位于),keep to (堅(jiān)持、遵守), lead to (導(dǎo)致),look forward to(期待), take to(從事), turn to (求助于), stick to(忠于、堅(jiān)持), point to(指向、表明), see to (注意、處理), be used to (習(xí)慣于), devote oneself to (獻(xiàn)身于), be equal to (勝任的、等于), be familiar to (為……熟悉).

  高中階段有一些固定的-ing分詞短語,如generally speaking(一般來說), judging from…(根據(jù)……來判斷), considering…(考慮到……), talking of…(談到……,提到……), supposing…(假如……)等,它們的邏輯主語和句子的主語不一致。這種短語可以被稱之為句子的狀語,也可當(dāng)作一個(gè)插入語。如:

  Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada. 從他的口音看他一定來自加拿大。

  Considering how poor he was, we decided to let him attend the concert for free.

  考慮到他是多么的窮,我們決定讓他免費(fèi)聽音樂會(huì)。

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