初中英語(yǔ)同義句轉(zhuǎn)換的7種重要類型

　　通過(guò)對(duì)近幾年的中考英語(yǔ)試題中同義句轉(zhuǎn)換題的分析，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)中考英語(yǔ)同義句轉(zhuǎn)換題主要考查以下幾個(gè)方面：

 

　　? 反義詞否定式的轉(zhuǎn)換

　　即用反義詞或詞組的否定式表達(dá)與原句相同的意思，主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)反義詞(詞組)的積累和換位思維的能力。如：

　　1、It’s clear that this visit is different from last time.

　　It’s clear that this visit is not the___ ___last time.

　　答案：same as

　　解析：be different from意為“與……不同”;the same as意為“與……相同”，其否定式與be different from同義。

　　2、I think wealth is less important than health.

　　I ___ think wealth is ___ important than health.

　　答案：為don’t，more

　　解析：less important的意思是“沒(méi)有(不及)……重要”;more important的意思是“(比)……更重要”，該結(jié)構(gòu)與not連用，則表示“不比……更重要”。

　　另外，有的反義詞即使不與否定詞連用，而只需改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)也可構(gòu)成同義句。如：

　　He lent some money to his friend.

　　He friend ___ some money ___ him.

　　答案：為borrowed，from

　　解析：borrow…from...意為“向……借……”;lend…to...意為“把……借給……”。兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)意思相反，但若變換“借出者”與“借入者”的位置，則可轉(zhuǎn)換為同義句。

　　?同義詞進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換

　　用同義詞或同義詞組對(duì)原句中的某些詞或詞組進(jìn)行替換，注意轉(zhuǎn)換后的詞或詞組的詞形變化要與句子其他成分相適應(yīng)。如：

　　1、That day we could see flowers here and there.

　　That day we could see flowers __________.

　　答案：everywhere

　　解析：everywhere與here and there都表示“到處”。

　　2、The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.

　　The teacher always______ _____the children well in the school.

　　答案：looks after

　　解析：take good care of與look after…well都表示“好好照顧”。

　　? 不同語(yǔ)態(tài)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換

　　即運(yùn)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)換同義詞，但此時(shí)要特別注意時(shí)態(tài)、動(dòng)詞一致性。如：

　　1、Everyone should give back his library books on time.

　　Library books should____ ____ ____ on time.

　　答案：be given back

　　解析：被動(dòng)句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should，因此助動(dòng)詞用be。

　　2、It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.

　　It is widely accepted that computers ____ widely ___ in the world today.

　　答案：為are，used

　　解析：computers是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，助動(dòng)詞用are。

　　? 非延續(xù)性與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換

　　即非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，此時(shí)往往會(huì)涉及時(shí)態(tài)的變化。如：

　　1、The manager left two hours ago.

　　The manager _____ ____ ____ for two hours.

　　答案：has been away

　　解析：leave為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不能與for two hours這樣的一段時(shí)間連用，而改成be away這樣的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞后，則可連用一段時(shí)間。

　　2、The film began five minutes ago.

　　The film has been _____ _____ five minutes.

　　答案：on for

　　解析：has been提示時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，“for 時(shí)間段”表示“持續(xù)(一段時(shí)間)”，常用在含有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的句子里。

　　3、Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.

　　Mr Li _____ _____ _____ the Party for twenty years.

　　答案：has been in

　　解析：短暫動(dòng)詞join，意為“參加、加入(組織，政黨)”，不能與延續(xù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，與延續(xù)性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，將join改成be in或be a member in…。

　　? 不同引語(yǔ)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換

　　即將直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)或?qū)㈤g接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成直接引語(yǔ)。此時(shí)還要注意相關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、動(dòng)詞、狀語(yǔ)等相應(yīng)的變化。如：

　　1、“I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me.

　　He _________ me that he _________ _________ his wallet.

　　答案：told，had found

　　解析：此題是將直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語(yǔ)。

　　2、“Did you see her last week?” he said.

　　He _______ _______ I had seen her the week _______.

　　答案：asked if/ whether, before

　　解析：此題是將疑問(wèn)句的直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語(yǔ)。

　　?簡(jiǎn)單句與復(fù)合句的轉(zhuǎn)換

　　即將簡(jiǎn)單句變成同義的復(fù)合句或?qū)��?fù)合句變成同義的簡(jiǎn)單句。如：

　　1、We didn’t go out for a walk because it was raining.

　　We didn’t go out for a walk _______ _______ the rain.

　　答案：because of

　　解析：將原因狀語(yǔ)從句because it was raining改為表示原因的介詞短語(yǔ)because of the rain。

　　2、He was so excited that he couldn’t go to sleep.

　　He was ______ ______ ______ go to sleep.

　　答案：too excited to

　　解析：將so…that…換成too…to…結(jié)構(gòu)，原句的that從句為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，改寫(xiě)句中的不定式仍表結(jié)果。

　　3、Now I will show you how to do the work.

　　Now I will show you ______ ______ ______ do the work.

　　答案：how you can

　　解析：即將原句中的“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語(yǔ)從句。

　　4、You should put them back after you use them.

　　You should put them back _____ _____ them.

　　答案：after using

　　解析：即將after引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)為after引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)。

　　? 關(guān)聯(lián)連詞連接或合并句子

　　即運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)連詞both…and…，neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…等將兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合并為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。此時(shí)要注意的是，both…and…連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)總是用復(fù)數(shù)，而neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常應(yīng)與靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：

　　1、Tom can’t speak Japanese well and Jim can’t, either.

　　______ Tom ______ Jim can speak Japanese well.

　　答案：Neither，nor

　　解析：neither…nor…表示“……和……(兩者)都不”，剛好與原句的兩個(gè)否定結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相吻合。

　　2、Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.

　　______ Alice ______ Peter have read the book.

　　答案：Both，and

　　解析：both…and…的意思是“……和……(兩者)都”。

　　3、This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.

　　This store sells ______ ______ men’s shoes ______ ______ men’s clothes.

　　答案：not only，but also

　　解析：not only…but also…表示“不僅……而且……”之意。

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