1. Tell a captivating story. 講述一個(gè)吸引人的故事
"Of all the starters in your tool kit, storytelling is among the most powerful and consistently successful,” Price says. “As humans, we’re hard-wired to enjoy and learn from stories. ”
普萊斯說(shuō)道：“在所有開場(chǎng)演講方式的手段中，講故事當(dāng)屬最強(qiáng)大也是最具有持續(xù)成功力的手法�！薄白鳛槿祟�，我們天生便會(huì)欣賞故事并從中受益匪淺。”
The story can be about you personally, which tells the audience first-hand why you’re invested in and passionate about the topic. Or you can tell a story about another person who the audience can learn from. “Another option: tell a fable, wisdom tale, historic event, or anecdote,” Price says. “The idea is, start with a brief 60- to 90-second narrative that launches your speech and captivates your listeners, and make sure the story encapsulates the key point of your message.”
開場(chǎng)故事可以涉及個(gè)人，這樣便能先入為主告訴聽眾為何你如此關(guān)注這一主題，你也可以講述一段事關(guān)他人的故事讓聽眾從中學(xué)到一些知識(shí)。普萊斯說(shuō)道：“另一個(gè)選擇便是講一段寓言，智慧故事，歷史事件或軼事，這樣做的目的在于通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)短的60-90秒敘事開啟你的演講并吸引在場(chǎng)觀眾，并確保故事中包含了你想要傳達(dá)的關(guān)鍵信息�！�
She suggests you consider these questions as you craft your version of “Once upon a time”: What challenges have you (or another) faced in relation to your topic? How did you (or another) overcome them? Who or what helped you or harmed you? What lessons were learned? What do you want your audience to gain, feel, or do as a result of the story?
普萊斯建議通過(guò)“很久很久以前”的故事版本構(gòu)建演講框架，具體涉及：你曾遇到過(guò)與主題相關(guān)的怎樣的挑戰(zhàn)?你是怎樣克服困難的?誰(shuí)曾經(jīng)幫助了你抑或傷害了你?從中吸取了怎樣的教訓(xùn)?你希望你的聽眾們能收獲，感受或者并根據(jù)故事結(jié)局做出怎樣的反應(yīng)?
2. Ask a rhetorical thought-provoking question. 提出一個(gè)發(fā)人深省的反問(wèn)句
“As a speaker, you ask rhetorical questions for persuasive effect; you don’t expect the audience to answer aloud, rather silently to themselves,” Price explains. When crafted and delivered well, rhetorical questions influence an audience to believe in the position of the speaker. “Clearly, Shakespeare’s character Shylock is leading his listeners to think ‘yes’ four times in order to justify revenge against Antonio. What do you want your audience to say ‘yes’ or ‘no’ to?”
普萊斯解釋道“作為一個(gè)演講者，提出反問(wèn)句便是要收獲一種說(shuō)服效果，你并不能指望聽眾們會(huì)大聲做出回答，多數(shù)情況下，他們只是安靜地在心中做出回應(yīng)�！币坏�(gòu)建并提出一個(gè)出色的反問(wèn)句時(shí)，這便能說(shuō)服聽眾信任演講者陳述的觀點(diǎn)�！帮@然，莎士比亞(Shakespeare)作品中的夏洛克(Shylock)為了證明報(bào)復(fù)安東尼奧有理便引導(dǎo)讀者四次思考“是”的問(wèn)題。你希望你的讀者表態(tài)是或否嗎?”
In addition to yes or no questions, you can also arouse curiosity and motivate your audience to think about the answer, she says.
她表示，除了是與否的問(wèn)題，你還可以借反問(wèn)引起聽眾的好奇心并刺激觀眾去思考問(wèn)題的答案。
3. State a shocking statistic or headline. 陳述匪夷所思的數(shù)據(jù)或標(biāo)題
“The statistic, bold claim, or headline needs to be directly related to the main purpose of your presentation,” Price explains. “Its impact ideally persuades the audience to listen and respond positively to your recommendation and next steps.”
普萊斯表示：“數(shù)據(jù)，大膽的斷言以及標(biāo)題往往要直接與你所要陳述的主要內(nèi)容相關(guān)聯(lián)�！薄斑@將影響到說(shuō)服你的聽眾繼續(xù)聽下去的心理，積極回應(yīng)演講中的提議并涉及到下一步行動(dòng)�！�
4. Use a powerful quote. 引用強(qiáng)大有力的引言
“Employ the wise words of a well-known person because the name allows you to tap into his or her credibility, likeability, and notoriety,” she says. The quote must have meaning and relevance to the audience.
普萊斯說(shuō)道：“由于名人本身能夠賜予你名稱所代表的可信度，受歡迎度以及名聲，使用名言名句也將起到良好的效果�！币员仨氂刑囟ǖ暮x并為觀眾所熟知。
Imagine you’re urging a group to reach consensus, or giving a talk on conflict management. You could open with: “Mark Twain once said, ‘If two people agree on everything, one of them is unnecessary.’ Even though some of us disagree on the xyz issue, each of us is necessary in the reaching a resolution.”
試想你正在要求一組人群達(dá)成共識(shí)，或是針對(duì)一個(gè)爭(zhēng)議性話題展開討論。你可以以這樣的方式開場(chǎng)：“馬克吐溫(Mark Twain)曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)——如果兩個(gè)人總是意見相投，那么其中一人肯定是多余的。即便我們團(tuán)隊(duì)中有人并不同意某事，但是任何人都將在達(dá)成決議中起到必要作用�！�