一、冠詞的用法
冠詞是虛詞,放在名詞之前,用來說明名詞指的人或事物。冠詞有兩種。
A(an)叫不定冠詞,the叫定冠詞。A用在輔音之前,an用在元音之前。
1. 不定冠詞的用法
(1)a和an均用在單數(shù)名詞之前,表示某一類人或事物。例如:
John is a student.
Mary is an English teacher.
(2)指某一類人或事物中的任何一個(gè)。例如:
A steel worker makes steel.
Pass me an apple, please.
(3)指某人或某物,但不具體說明何人或和物。例如:
A student wants to see you.
A girl is waiting for you outside.
(4)表示“每一”的意思,相當(dāng)于every。例如:
Take the medicine three times a day.
They go to see their parents once a week.
2.定冠詞用法
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。例如:
The book on the desk is an English dictionary.
Beijing is the capital of China.
(2)指說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或事物。例如:
Open the door, please.
Jack is in the library.
(3)上文提到過的人或事物。例如:
Yesterday John’s father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan.
(4)表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物。例如:
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
(5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)之前。例如:
Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
January is the first month of the year.
(6)用在某些形容詞之前,表示某一類人或事物。例如:
The nurse is kind to the sick.
We should take good care of the old.
(7)用在某些專有名詞之前和某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中。例如:
the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。
(8)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)之前,表示“某某一家人”,“某某夫婦”。例如:
the Browns, the whites等。
3.不用冠詞的情況
(1)某些專有名詞,抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞。例如:
China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love等。
(2)名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)用的this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every等代詞時(shí),不用冠詞。例如:
That is my cap.
I have some questions.
Go down this street.
(3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí),不用冠詞。
They are workers.
We are students.
(4)稱呼語(yǔ)前不用冠詞,表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞前也不加冠詞。例如:
I don’t feel well today, Mother.
Bush was made president of the U.S.
(5)三餐飯的名稱前,球類活動(dòng),學(xué)科和節(jié)目名詞前,常不用冠詞。例如:
I have lunch at home.
He often plays football after class.
We have English and maths every day.
(6)在某些固定詞組里,名詞之前常不用冠詞。例如:
By air, at night, at home, go to bed, go to school, on foot, from morning till night 等。