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中考英語語法詳解:冠詞和數(shù)詞

學(xué)人智庫(kù) 時(shí)間:2018-02-10 我要投稿
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  一、冠詞的用法

  冠詞是虛詞,放在名詞之前,用來說明名詞指的人或事物。冠詞有兩種。

  A(an)叫不定冠詞,the叫定冠詞。A用在輔音之前,an用在元音之前。

  1. 不定冠詞的用法

  (1)a和an均用在單數(shù)名詞之前,表示某一類人或事物。例如:

  John is a student.

  Mary is an English teacher.

  (2)指某一類人或事物中的任何一個(gè)。例如:

  A steel worker makes steel.

  Pass me an apple, please.

  (3)指某人或某物,但不具體說明何人或和物。例如:

  A student wants to see you.

  A girl is waiting for you outside.

  (4)表示“每一”的意思,相當(dāng)于every。例如:

  Take the medicine three times a day.

  They go to see their parents once a week.

  2.定冠詞用法

  (1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。例如:

  The book on the desk is an English dictionary.

  Beijing is the capital of China.

  (2)指說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或事物。例如:

  Open the door, please.

  Jack is in the library.

  (3)上文提到過的人或事物。例如:

  Yesterday John’s father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan.

  (4)表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物。例如:

  The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

  (5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)之前。例如:

  Shanghai is the biggest city in China.

  January is the first month of the year.

  (6)用在某些形容詞之前,表示某一類人或事物。例如:

  The nurse is kind to the sick.

  We should take good care of the old.

  (7)用在某些專有名詞之前和某些習(xí)慣用語中。例如:

  the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。

  (8)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)之前,表示“某某一家人”,“某某夫婦”。例如:

  the Browns, the whites等。

  3.不用冠詞的情況

  (1)某些專有名詞,抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞。例如:

  China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love等。

  (2)名詞前已有作定語用的this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every等代詞時(shí),不用冠詞。例如:

  That is my cap.

  I have some questions.

  Go down this street.

  (3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí),不用冠詞。

  They are workers.

  We are students.

  (4)稱呼語前不用冠詞,表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞前也不加冠詞。例如:

  I don’t feel well today, Mother.

  Bush was made president of the U.S.

  (5)三餐飯的名稱前,球類活動(dòng),學(xué)科和節(jié)目名詞前,常不用冠詞。例如:

  I have lunch at home.

  He often plays football after class.

  We have English and maths every day.

  (6)在某些固定詞組里,名詞之前常不用冠詞。例如:

  By air, at night, at home, go to bed, go to school, on foot, from morning till night 等。