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中考英語語法復(fù)習(xí):短語動(dòng)詞和句型
動(dòng)詞,把他們加以歸納總結(jié),進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)是十分必要的。英語中有許多短語動(dòng)詞在意義上是一個(gè)整體,其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞,有的相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞,有的兼有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的特征。
1. 短語動(dòng)詞的分類
(1)動(dòng)詞+介詞
常見的有l(wèi)ook for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如:
Don’t laugh at others.
Tom asked his parents for a bike.
(2)動(dòng)詞+副詞
常見的有g(shù)ive up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語如果是名詞,既可放在副詞前邊,又可放在副詞后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則要放在副詞前邊。如:
You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow.
Please don’t forget to hand it in.
(3)動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞
常見的有 go on with, catch up with等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如:
Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
(4)動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞
常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如:
You should pay attention to your handwriting.
We should make full use of our time.
(5)動(dòng)詞+形容詞
常見的有l(wèi)eave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動(dòng)詞的賓語如果是名詞,則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊,也可放在后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則必須放在形容詞前邊。如:
The prisoners were set free.
He cut it open.
(6)動(dòng)詞+名詞
常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如:
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
2. 短語動(dòng)詞的辨析
(1)be made in(在……生產(chǎn)或制造),be made of(由……組成或構(gòu)成)
(2)come down(下來;落),come along(來;隨同),come to oneself(蘇醒),come true(實(shí)現(xiàn)),come out(花開;發(fā)芽;出現(xiàn);出來),come over(過來;順便來訪),come in(進(jìn)來),come on(來吧;跟著來;趕快), come up with(找到;提出)
(3)do one’s best(盡最大努力), do well in(在……干得好), do one’s homework(做作業(yè)),do some reading(閱讀)
(4)fall asleep(入睡),fall behind(落在……后面),fall off(從……掉下),fall down(到下;跌倒)
(5)get down(下來;落下),get on(上車),get to(到達(dá)),get up(起床),get back(回來;取回),get off(下來),get on well with(與……相處融洽),get married(結(jié)婚),get together(相聚)
(6)give up(放棄),give…a hand(給與……幫助),give a concert(開音樂會)
(7)go back(回去),go on(繼續(xù)),go home(回家),go to bed(睡覺),go over(過一遍;仔細(xì)檢查),go out(外出;到外面),go wrong(走錯(cuò)路),go on doing(繼續(xù)做某事),go shopping(買東西),go boating(去劃船), go fishing(去釣魚),go hiking(去徒步旅行),go skating(去滑冰),go straight along(沿著……一直往前走)
(8)have a look(看一看), have a seat(坐下), have supper(吃晚餐), have a rest(休息), have sports(進(jìn)行體育活動(dòng)), have a cold(感冒), have a cough(咳嗽), have a good time(過得愉快), have a headache(頭痛),have a try(嘗
試;努力)
(9)look for(尋找),look out(留神; 注意),look over(仔細(xì)檢查),look up(向上看;抬頭看),look after(照顧; 照看),look at(看; 觀看),look like(看起來像),look the same(看起來像),
(10)make friends(交朋友),make phone calls(打電話),make money(賺錢),make the bed(整理床鋪),make a noise(吵鬧),make a faces(做鬼臉),make one’s way to(往……走去),make room for(給……騰出地方),make a decision(做出決定),make a mistake(犯錯(cuò)誤),make up one’s mind(下決心)
(11)put on(上演;穿上;戴上),put up(掛起;舉起),put down(把某物放下來),put away(把某物收起來), put off(推遲)
(12)take off(脫掉衣服),take photos(照相),take time(花費(fèi)時(shí)間),take out(取出),take a seat(坐下),take an active part in(積極參加),take care of(照顧;照料;注意),take exercise(做運(yùn)動(dòng)),take one’s place(坐某人的位置;代替某人的職務(wù)),take turn(輪流)
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