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中職高考英語試題解題技巧

時間:2024-11-01 04:05:59 學人智庫 我要投稿
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中職高考英語試題解題技巧

  高考閱讀理解信息匹配的 7 選 5 題型,主要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結構以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。

中職高考英語試題解題技巧

  從題型和內(nèi)容我們可以看出,選項可分為:a.主旨概括句(文章整體內(nèi)容)b.過渡性句子(文章結構)c.注釋性句子(上下文邏輯意義)三類。其多余的兩個干擾項也往往從這三方面進行設置,如主旨概括句或過于寬泛或以偏概全或偏離主題,過渡性句子不能反映文章的行文結構,注釋性句子與上文脫節(jié)等。

  一、題型分析

  分析篇章結構,把握全篇文脈是閱讀填空題解題的關鍵。分析文章的層次包含兩種形式:一種是分析整篇文章的層次,也就是段落,另一種是分析每一個段落內(nèi)部的層次,也就是語篇層次。

  語篇與段落是有區(qū)別的,語段是篇章結構的中間層次,是由句子到篇的一種過渡形式,段落是在某些語體(如記敘文、議論文)中比語段更大的意義單位,較小的段落可以只包括一個語段或一個句子,一般來說,一個段落通常由幾個語段構成。構成語段的方式有兩種,一是靠句際間意義的結合,二是靠句際間的關聯(lián)詞,邏輯性插入語來連接,在分析語段層次時,可以借助句際間的連接詞語作出判斷,但最主要的還是要真正體會句際間的意義關系,把握作者的思路,從語序上去發(fā)現(xiàn)斷續(xù)點,理清層次,好文章的層次非常清晰,只有層層入手,才能真正理解文章。

  如下以 2009 年高考英語遼寧卷為樣題進行分析: 第二節(jié)(共 5 小題:每小題 2 分, 滿分 10 分)

  根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

  Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a batter student in several ways71 Second,your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.

  You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report.72 Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process.73

  The following methods may work best for you.

  ●Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.

  ●Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.

  ● Write your notes in your own words.

  ● 74

  ● Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.

  As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速記). When you do, be sure that you understand

  your symbols and that you use them all the time.75

  A. Use words, not complete sentences.

  B. There are three practical note-taking methods.

  C. You must write your notes on separate paper.

  D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.

  E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.

  F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.

  G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.

  答案:GEFAD 分析:這篇文章整體分為四個段落層次,每個段落均由幾個語段構成相對獨立地語義單位,各段都圍繞“Taking good notes”這樣一個中心話題,形成了文章的線性結構。

  第一段講述的是做筆記是好學生在多方面的一項省時技巧,第二段講述的是不管何時、用何種方法做筆記,都要有選擇性的做記錄,第三段講述的是做筆記的最佳方法,第四段講述的是要記住自己的速記符號,這就形成了文章的層次結構,這對下一步的做題有了明確的整體方向。

  二、解題策略

  1.理清句際間的關系

  文章的內(nèi)容是根據(jù)各層各段的大意有機地組合而成,各個層次,各個段落之間不管怎樣錯落有致,但它所表達的內(nèi)容都是要圍繞中心的,各句之間都有一定的語脈,從邏輯意義上來看,語段的句際關系可分為平列、順序、層遞、轉折、總分、解釋、因果等關系。構成語段的各個句子之間有時可以包含一種以上的句際關系。因此,理解閱讀材料時一定要把握語脈,理清句際間的關系,進而理解語段或全文的內(nèi)容。

  2.找出句子之間的連接性的詞語

  文章的語句間的組合,除了從語句間的意義關系分析外,還可借助句子之間的連接性詞語來把握,因為連接性詞語能表明這個語段句與句之間、層與層之間的基本關系有:

  承接關系(如 so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等)

  平列關系(如first, second, third…; firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; in the first place, in the second place…; for one thing, for another thing…;to begin with, to conclude 等)。如文中的選項 71,由 Second、Third 得知應選表示平列關系的句子 G.項。

  轉折關系(如 however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever,whatever on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise 等)。比如選項 75,與前句構成了轉折關系,故應選 D 項答案。

  層遞關系(如 also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what’s more, too, either, neither,not…but…, not only…but also 等)。如 72 選項,與前句組合為層遞關系,故應選包含 also 的 E.項句子。

  解釋關系,如 73 選項應選 F.選項,與 74 選項平等的,是一組祈示句,而非陳述句,故應選 A.項而非 B項。

  三、實施步驟

  對一個語段或語篇的分析,可以按以下步驟進行:

  1.通讀全文對文章進行快速瀏覽,尋找主題句,抓住文章結構及文章的寫作內(nèi)容。

  在閱讀過程中,要注意文章的開始與結束段落,尤其是文章的首段及末段末句,因為“開門見山”與“結尾總結”的寫作方式為常見的寫作方式,首段的末句一般是是全文的主題所在,說明本文將探討哪些內(nèi)容,并簡要指出文章的寫作思路,有時甚至會以提綱的形式進行呈現(xiàn)。首段的末句對于快速掌握文章的主題具有重要意義,如果它是文章的主題句,就可以使讀者迅速明確文章情節(jié)將如何展開,并對文章的寫作主題有了整體的了解。如果末句不是主題句,則需要繼續(xù)尋找。這時,可以考慮文章的寫作方式是否為“結尾總結”式,如兩者均可排除,則需在文章中其他段落尋找主題句,但要注意,首段與末段的提示作用。

  2.詳讀段落在短時間內(nèi),找出每段寫作內(nèi)容的關鍵詞。明確各段的主題句或主旨大意。

  文章正文部分通常分為若干小段落。各段落會根據(jù)整體文章寫作主題展開,對文章主體進行的不同方面的描述。找出各個小段落中的關鍵詞,明確其描述內(nèi)容,為整體試題的解決做好鋪墊。

  3.定位選項明確各備選選項的含義,抓住其關鍵詞語,根據(jù)文章整體結構與具體內(nèi)容,將選項填入文中,填寫時尤為注意各選項中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段及句中的銜接標志詞。

  在定位選項時,要特別注意空格上下段的寫作內(nèi)容,以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的結構和意義。將所選項放入空白處,看看是否與上下文構成語義及邏輯上的直接關系,是否符合該處語境。能否承接前后的寫作線索。使文章無論內(nèi)容還是銜接上都能做到通順。

  4.通讀復檢將所選答案代入文中,再次通讀全文,重點考查邏輯關系和關聯(lián)結構。

  在完成選項定位后,應通讀全文,檢查文章內(nèi)容是否完整,語義是否連貫合理、各段落內(nèi)容是否緊扣主題,語篇結構是否通順連貫、具有一致性、合乎邏輯,寫作思路是否清晰明了,格式以及用語是否恰當貼切,從而判斷選擇的答案是否正確。同時,我們還應注意對相近選項的對比分析,個別干擾項由于與某個正確選項的內(nèi)容相近具有很強的干擾性,這時就需要我們認真分析,仔細甄別,排除干擾,從而得出正確選項。

  要特別注意,除非有充分的理由否定向前的選擇,否則不要倉促更改。只要前兩步投入了精力,動了腦筋,第一印象往往可信度很高。

  5.確定排除研究多余選項,確定排除理由,最終確定答案。

  延伸閱讀

  中職高考英語練習試題:完形填空

  The rays of the sunlight shone on my grandmother’s face. For just a moment she closed her eyes as if  1  the sunlight to warm her entire body. When one’s  2  is approaching its end,I  3  that all the bitterness and the boring moments will become meaningless.

  My grandmother opened her eyes  4 ,saying,“Don’t live your life without living it. I worked too hard. I  5  many things because I was trying to make a  6  tomorrow for my family. What is a good tomorrow if you  7  missing today?”

  She closed her eyes once more as if allowing what she said to marinate (浸泡) within me. I realized that she was  8  her life as if she were a bystander. I knew that when my grandmother spoke those words to me,she was feeling  9 . Though we cannot change the past,we can  10  the future.

  As a college graduate,I knew my grandmother was showing me another  11  tool to add to my defense against this sometimes harsh world.

  That night,I slept the soundest sleep I ever had. A sense of  12  fell over me that I hadn’t felt in a long while. My  13 ,cares and concerns seemed weightless and were  14  by the words of my grandmother:“Don’t live your life without living it.”

  I was  15  woken out of a sound sleep by my mother. Before she muttered the words through sobs and  16 ,I knew why she was  17  me.

  Later that morning as I sat at the kitchen table,a single tear ran down my face. Through the window,a ray of sunlight  18  me inside out. I knew it was a hug from my grandmother. And I knew that for the rest of my life her  19  would reverberate (回響) in my thoughts. She had given me the best  20  I had ever had.

  1.A.persuading B.ordering C.encouraging D.allowing

  2.A.treatment B.life C.course D.term

  3.A.remember B.joke C.imagine D.suggest

  4.A.carefully B.finally C.slowly D.instantly

  5.A.learned B.missed C.gained D.broke

  6.A.better B.clearer C.busier D.longer

  7.A.consider B.keep C.mind D.avoid

  8.A.ending B.changing C.reviewing D.standing

  9.A.happy B.anger C.sympathy D.regret

  10.A.face B.have C.influence D.judge

  11.A.heavy B.new C.expensive D.valuable

  12.A.peace B.duty C.beauty D.right

  13.A.worries B.satisfactions C.dangers D.surprises

  14.A.sorted B.replaced C.recorded D.attracted

  15.A.quickly B.luckily C.regularly D.suddenly

  16.A.astonishment B.blames C.tears D.complaints

  17.A.comforting B.teaching C.waking D.saving

  18.A.turned B.warmed C.moved D.dried

  19.A.promises B.words C.congratulations D.descriptions

  20.A.advice B.method C.lecture D.chance

  【語篇解讀】

  本文作者告訴我們:如果你不好好地對待你的生活,它將會遺棄你。我們不能改變昨天,但我們能影響未來。

  【答案及解析】

  1.D 此時她閉上眼睛,聽任(allowing)陽光溫暖全身。下文中She closed her eyes once more as if allowing what she said to marinate (浸泡) within me.可作提示。

  2.B 由下文I knew that for the rest of my life可知應選life。

  3.C 當一個人的生命將要走到盡頭,我認為(imagine)所有的痛苦和無聊的時刻將變得毫無意義。

  4.C 祖母慢慢地(slowly)睜開了眼睛。

  5.B 由上下文可知,祖母由于工作和家庭原因,自己錯過(missed)的太多。

  6.A 根據(jù)句意和下文What is a good tomorrow可知,祖母一直為了家人有更加美好的(better)明天而奮斗。

  7.B 假如你總是錯過今天,那怎么會有一個更好的明天呢?keep doing sth.意為“一直做某事”。

  8.C 這時我意識到她在回顧(reviewing)她的一生。

  9.D 由上文可知,祖母此時心中有些遺憾(regret)。

  10.C 我們雖不能改變過去,但我們可以影響未來。influence此處意為“影響”。

  11.D 我意識到,面對這一有時極其殘忍的世界,祖母又為我留了一件有價值的(valuable)工具。

  12.A 由上文I slept the soundest sleep I ever had可知,作者內(nèi)心的平靜。a sense of peace平靜的感覺。

  13.A worries與其后的cares,concerns為近義詞。

  14.B 內(nèi)心所有擔心、顧慮變得無足輕重,這一切被祖母的話替代(replaced)。

  15.D 由下文可知,我突然(suddenly)被母親喚醒。

  16.C 哭泣和眼淚并列,故選tears。

  17.C 我知道母親喚醒(waking)我的理由。

  18.B 一縷陽光溫暖了(warmed)我全身。

  19.B 由上下文可知,是祖母的話不斷地在內(nèi)心深處回響。

  20.A 祖母給我講的話“Don’t live your life without living it.”是給我一生最好的    呢?應是教誨或建議。故選項A正確。

  【疑難詞匯解讀】

  1.harsh adj.嚴厲的,嚴酷的

  He received a harsh punishment from his history teacher yesterday. 昨天他受到歷史老師嚴厲的懲罰。

  2.mutter v.輕聲說話

  He sat there shaking his head,muttering to himself.

  他坐在那兒搖著頭,小聲地自言自語。

  【長難句子分析】

  When one’s life is approaching its end,I imagine that all the bitterness and the boring moments will become meaningless.

  句子為復合句,When one’s life is approaching its end為時間狀語從句,that all the bitterness and the boring moments will become meaningless為賓語從句。

  句意:當一個人的生命將要走到盡頭,我認為所有的痛苦和無聊的時刻將變得毫無意義。

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