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初一下學(xué)期英語語法
Unit 1nbsp; Wheres your pen pal from?
一.短語：
1 .be from = come from 來自于----
2. live in 居住在---
3. on weekends 在周末
4 .write to sb = write a letter to sb 給某人寫信;寫信給某人
5 .in the world 在世界上 in China 在中國
6.pen pal 筆友 14 years old 14歲 favorite subject 最喜歡的科目
7.the United States 美國 the United Kingdom 英國 New York 紐約
8.speak English 講英語 like and dislike 愛憎
9.go to the movies 去看電影 play sports 做運動
二.重點句式：
1 Wherersquo;s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/
2 Where does he live?
3 What language(s) does he speak?
4 I want a pen pal in China.
5 I can speak English and a little French.
6 Please write and tell me about yourself.
7 Can you write to me soon?
8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
三.本單元的國家，人民、語言對應(yīng)。
1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French
2 France------ French------French
3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese
4 Australia----Australian----- English
5 the United States------ American---- English
6 the United Kingdom---British----- English
Unit 2 Wherersquo;s the post office?
一. Asking ways: (問路)
1. Where is (the nearest) hellip;hellip;? (最近的)hellip;hellip;在哪里?
2. Can you tell me the way to hellip;hellip;? 你能告訴我去hellip;hellip;的路嗎?
3. How can I get to hellip;hellip;? 我怎樣到達hellip;hellip;呢?
4. Is there hellip;hellip; near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有hellip;hellip;嗎?
5. Which is the way to hellip;hellip;? 哪條是去hellip;hellip;的路?
二.Showing the ways: (指路)
1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿著這條街一直走。
2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二個路口向左轉(zhuǎn)。
3. You will find it on your right. 你會在你右手邊發(fā)現(xiàn)它。
4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 離這里大約一百米遠。
5. Yoursquo;d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交車去。(Yoursquo;d better+動詞原形)
三.詞組
1. across from hellip;hellip; 在hellip;hellip;的對面 across from the bank 在銀行的對面
2. next tohellip;hellip; 緊靠hellip;hellip; next to the supermarket 緊靠超市
3. betweenhellip;hellip;andhellip;hellip; 在hellip;hellip;和hellip;hellip;之間
between the park and the zoo 在公園和動物園之間
among 表示位于三者或三者以上之間
4. in front ofhellip;hellip; 在hellip;hellip;前面
There is a tree in front of the classroom.課室前面有棵樹。
in the front ofhellip;hellip; 在hellip;hellip;(內(nèi))的前部
There is a desk in the front of the classroom.課室內(nèi)的前部有張桌子。
5. behindhellip;hellip; 在hellip;hellip;后面 behind my house 在我家后面
6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐
on the left/right ofhellip;hellip; 在某物的左/右邊
on the left of our school 在我們學(xué)校的左邊
on onersquo;s left/right 在某人的左/右邊 on my left 在我左邊
7. go straight 一直走
8. down /alonghellip;hellip; 沿著hellip;hellip;(街道)
down/along Center Street 沿著中央街
9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近
10 welcome tohellip;hellip; 歡迎來到hellip;hellip;
11. take /have a walk 散步
12. the beginning ofhellip;hellip; hellip;hellip;的開始,前端
at the beginning ofhellip;hellip; 在hellip;hellip;的開始,前端
in the beginning 起初，一開始
13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得開心，過得愉快
我昨天玩得很開心。 I had fun yesterday.
I had a good time yesterday.
I enjoyed myself yesterday.
14. have a good trip 旅途愉快
15. take a taxi 坐出租車
16. 到達：get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到這/那/家
arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.
arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank.
reach +地方
17.go across 從物體表面橫過 go across the street 橫過馬路
go through 從空間穿過 go through the forest 穿過樹林
18.on + 街道的名稱。 Eg: on Center Street
at + 具體門牌號+街道的名稱 Eg: at 6 Center Street
三.重難點解析
1.enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的樂趣，喜愛做某事
I enjoy reading. 我喜愛讀書。
到目前為止，我們學(xué)了兩個特殊的動詞finish和enjoy，都是要帶 doing.
I finish cleaning the room. 我掃完了這間屋子。
2.hope to do sth 希望做某事
I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通過這次考試。
hope +從句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天將會晴朗。
(從句即是一個小句子，這個小句子又放在大句子中，從屬于大句子，所以叫從句。
如tomorrow will be fine是一個從句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。)
3. if 引導(dǎo)一個表示假設(shè)的句子。
If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有許多錢，我就會去月球。
If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
如果你餓了的話，你可以在超市買一些食物。
四.本單元的反義詞、近義詞配對
1newmdash;old 2 quiet--- busy 3 dirty--- clean 4 big----
Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?
一.重點詞組
eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute
play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals
at night in the day every day during the day
二. 交際用語
1. Why do you like pandas? Because theyrsquo;re very clever.
2. Why does he like koalas? Because theyrsquo;re kind of interesting.
3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.
4. What other animals do you like?
I like dogs, too.
Why?
Because theyrsquo;re friendly and clever.
5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.
6. Shersquo;s very shy.
7. He is from Australia.
8.He sleeps during the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
9.He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
10.Letrsquo;s see the pandas first.
11.Theyrsquo;re kind of interesting.
12.What other animals do you like?
13.Why do you want to see the lions?
三. 重點難點釋義
1、kind of 有點，稍微
Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有點害羞。
kind 還有l(wèi)dquo;種類rdquo;的意思
如：各種各樣的 all kinds of
We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.
2、China n. 中國 Africa n. 非洲
China 和Africa都是專有名詞，首字母都應(yīng)該大寫，而且和介詞in連用。
There are many kinds of tigers in China.
There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.
3、friendly adj. 友好的，和藹可親的
它是名詞friend的形容詞形式，常常和be動詞連用, be friendly。
The people in Chengdu are very friendly.
4、with prep. 跟，同，和hellip;在一起
I usually play chess with my father.
注意區(qū)別與and的用法，and通常用于連接主語或賓語，連接主語時，
如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后，如：
My father and I usually play chess together.
Play with ldquo;和hellip;一起玩耍rdquo;ldquo;玩hellip;rdquo;
I often play with my pet dog.
Donrsquo;t play with water!
5、day和night 是一對反義詞，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。
通常說in the day, during the day, at night。
Koala bears often sleep during the day and eat leaves at night.
6、leaf n. 葉子
復(fù)數(shù)形式為：leaves, 類似的變化還有：wifemdash;wives, wolfmdash;wolves,
knifemdash;knives等。
7、hour n. 小時;點鐘
hour前邊通常加上冠詞an 表示ldquo;一個小時rdquo;， 即：an hour。
There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.
8、be from 來自hellip;
be from = come from
Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.
9、meat n. (食用的)肉，為不可數(shù)名詞，表示ldquo;許多rdquo;時，使用much來修
飾，即：much meat
He eats much meat every day.
10、grass n. 草，為不可數(shù)名詞，表示ldquo;許多rdquo;時，使用much來修飾，
即：much grass。There is much grass on the playground.
四. 語法知識
特殊疑問句通常以ldquo;whatrdquo;、ldquo;whordquo;、ldquo;whichrdquo;、ldquo;whenrdquo;、ldquo;whererdquo;、
ldquo;howrdquo;、ldquo;how oldrdquo;、ldquo;how manyrdquo;等開頭，對某一具體問題進行提問。
特殊疑問句的基本構(gòu)成有兩種情況：
1. 疑問句+一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)。這是最常見的情況。例如：
Whatrsquo;s your grandfatherrsquo;s telephone number? 你爺爺?shù)碾娫捥柎a是多少?
Who is that boy with big eyes? 那個大眼睛的男孩是誰?
Which season do you like best? 你最喜歡哪個季節(jié)?
When is he going to play the piano? 他什么時候彈鋼琴?
Where does he live? 他住在哪兒?
How are you? 你好嗎?
How old are you? 你多大了?
How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有幾個兄弟姐妹?
2. 疑問句+陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)。這時疑問詞作主語或修飾主語。例如：
Who is on duty today?
今天誰值日?
Which man is your teacher?
哪位男士是你的老師?
我們學(xué)過的What/How about+名詞/代詞+其他?也是特殊疑問句，它是一種省略結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如：
I like English. What/How about you? 我喜歡英語。你呢?
What about playing basketball? 打籃球怎么樣?
nbsp;
Unit 4 I want to be an actor.
一.短語：
1 want to do sth 想要作某事
2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 給某人某物 / 把某物給某人
3 help sb do sth 幫助某人作某事
Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home.
4 help sb with sth 幫助某人謀事
Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home
5 in the day 在白天
6 at night 在晚上
7 talk with/ to sb 和----談話
8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.
9 in a hospital 在醫(yī)院l
10 work/ study hard 努力工作
11 Evening Newspaper 晚報
二.重點句式及注意事項：
1 詢問職業(yè)的特殊疑問詞是what;有三種主要句式
�、� What + is / are + sb?
�、� What + does/ do + sb + do?
③ What + is/ are + 名詞所有格/ 形容詞性物主代詞 + job?
2 People give me their money or get their money from me.
3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.
4 I like talking to people.
5 I work late. Irsquo;m very busy when people go out to dinners.
6 Where does your sister work?
7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.
8 Do you want to work for a magazine?
Then come and work for us as a reporter.
9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?
10 We are an international school for children of 5-12.
三. 本單元中的名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
1 policeman--- policemen 2 woman doctor----- women doctors
3 thief-----thieves
[初一下學(xué)期英語語法]