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初中英語(yǔ)五種基本句型
五種基本句型
英語(yǔ)句子由主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等成分構(gòu)成，依據(jù)不同的組合方式，英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句有五種基本句型。
（一）S+V+P: 主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)
The apples are red.
My sister is out now.
He became a scientist.
His face goes red.
It grew dark.
系動(dòng)詞分為：
1. 狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞 表示一種狀態(tài)
如：be; seem （似乎） ； keep （保持）；stay
2. 感官系動(dòng)詞
如：sound ; look ; smell ; taste ; feel
3. 變成系動(dòng)詞
如：become ; turn ; get ; go; grow
（二）S+V: 主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞
不能直接帶賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞。
Birds fly.
Class begins.
He runs in the park.
We stopped to have a rest.
His first book came out in 2003.
He didn’t go to the cinema yesterday.
注意：
常見(jiàn)的只能當(dāng)不及物動(dòng)詞的詞。
sleep 睡覺(jué) come 來(lái) walk 步行 work 工作 swim 游泳 laugh 笑 happen/take place 發(fā)生
stay 呆在…… go 去 arrive 到達(dá)
（三）S+V+O: 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)
可以直接帶賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞。
She likes English.
I bought a book yesterday.
I know him very well.
Jack wrote a book in high school.
They want to go.
He stopped writing.
注意：
有些不及物動(dòng)詞后面加上介詞就相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，后面就可以加賓語(yǔ)了。
You must listen to me.
（四）S+V+IO+DO: 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)分為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)，二者合稱為雙賓語(yǔ)。
有些動(dòng)詞，除了帶直接賓語(yǔ)外，還要帶一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)。
1. 概念：
直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象。
間接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)做的，或者是為誰(shuí)做的，所以只能是名詞或賓格代詞擔(dān)當(dāng)。
2. 兩種句型的相互轉(zhuǎn)換：
主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)
=主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+to/for+間接賓語(yǔ)（直前間后間前介） Give me the book.
=Give the book to me.
He gave Tom a book yesterday.
=He gave a book to Tom yesterday.
He will buy me some books.
=He will buy some books for me.
She made me a cake.
=He made a cake for me.
3. 注意：
a. 當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí)，必須用第二種句型（直前間后間前介）。 I pass it to my mother.
She threw them to me.
Give it to me.
b. “疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”作直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須用第一種句型（直接賓語(yǔ)放在后面）。
句型：主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)（疑問(wèn)詞+不定式） He taught me how to read the word.
He asked me why to sing this song.
I told him what to do.
She asked me which way to go.
4. 常帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。
A: 動(dòng)詞后加to
give 給 show 給……看 send 寄 pass 傳遞 lend 借給 hand 交給 tell 告訴 return 歸還 write 寫(xiě)信 throw 扔 offer 提供 sell 賣 B: 動(dòng)詞后加for
make 制造 buy 買 do 做 get 得到
play 演奏 order 為……訂購(gòu) sing 唱歌 fetch 為 ……取來(lái)
（五）S+V+O+OC: 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
在某些及物動(dòng)詞后面，需要用一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)再加一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)合稱復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。
1. 名詞、形容詞和不定式都可以作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
I will make you captain.
Susan found the book boring.
He left the window open.
The teacher asked him to leave.
2. 感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)如果是不定式擔(dān)當(dāng)，省去to。see, watch, look at, listen to, hear, feel, let, make, have
He saw the boy play by the river.
He made the boy laugh.
She listened to the pianist play the piano.
（六）第4種句型和第五種句型（雙賓語(yǔ)和復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)）的區(qū)別。 S+V+IO+DO 和S+V+O+OC的區(qū)別
He gave me a book.
He calls me Tom.
He made the boy laugh.
He showed us the photos.
I found the movie interesting.
Miss Zhang teaches us English.
總結(jié)：
a. 賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。
b. 直接賓語(yǔ)只能由名詞充當(dāng)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可由名詞、形容詞和動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)。
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