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強調(diào)句型之我見
在中學英語教學中,提到強調(diào)句型時,通常指的是:“It be…that…”這一結(jié)構(gòu)(簡稱It-type強調(diào)句)。這確實是一個非常有用的句型,在中學英語課本中也多次出現(xiàn),例如:It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes.
It-type強調(diào)句的特征是:如果我們把“It be…that…”從句中劃去,所剩的正好是一個完整的句子。例如,上面第一句經(jīng)過處理后就成了: Not only blind men make such stupid mistakes. 它的意思仍然是完整的,只是強調(diào)意味已經(jīng)失去。實際上“It be…that…”只不過是一個框架而已,它的各 部份在句子中均不擔任成份。It-type句型強調(diào)狀語時,有幾個方面是必須注意的:
(1)條件,讓步狀語從句不能強調(diào),例如:If it rains, we won't go out. 不能強調(diào)為:It is if it rains that we won't go out.
(2)It-type強調(diào)句可強調(diào)because引導的原因狀語從句,但不可強調(diào)as, since引導的原因狀語從句,例如:I do it because I like it.可強調(diào)為:It is because I like it that I do it.
(3)It-type強調(diào)句可強調(diào)so that引起的目的狀語從句,但不能強調(diào)so that引起的結(jié)果狀語從句,例如:The six blind men asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a “l(fā)ook”. 可強調(diào)為:It was so that they could have a “l(fā)ook” that the six blind men asked the driver to stop the beast.
(4)對由until引起的短語或從句強調(diào),要注意否定前移,例如:I didn't learn it until yesterday. 寫成強調(diào)句型應該是:It was not until yesterday that I learned it.
在中學英語課本中還多次出現(xiàn)“What…be…”結(jié)構(gòu)的句型(簡稱wh-type強調(diào)句),它同樣具有很濃的強調(diào)意 味,例如:What we need is more time. 我們可以用對待It-type強調(diào)句的方法,把“What…be…”作為一個框架而劃去,所剩的也是一個完整的句子 :We need more time. 不同的是,what和be在句子中都可以擔任成份。上面這個句子可以看成是What引導一個主語從句,而be則是系動詞,后接表語。What I feel is hungry.
wh-type強調(diào)句還可以通過使用代動詞do來強調(diào)句中的謂語動詞或作賓語補足語的非謂語動詞,例如:What I did was (to) turn off the tap.另外也值得一提的是“A is A”這一結(jié)構(gòu)的強調(diào)句型,這類句子的語勢是很強的,例如: You are quite right. Teacher is teacher. 當名詞前帶有修飾語時,表語常含有“真正的”的意思,例如:Spoken English is English.
(作者單位系湖南省龍山縣紅巖中學)
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